Question 1

When Matilda met Joe,she instantly categorized him as a nerd because of his appearance and intense interest in technology and mathematics.Matilda's categorization is an example of her use of

Accepted Answer

A) scripts. 
B) schemas. 
C) controlled processes. 
D) base rate information.

Question 2

An important function of controlled thinking is to

Accepted Answer

A) provide a check on automatic processing. 
B) replace automatic processing. 
C) increase the efficiency of processing. 
D) precede automatic processing.

Question 3

When people tend to focus on the properties of objects without consideration of the context,this is described as a(n) ____ thinking style.

Accepted Answer

A) analytic 
B) holistic 
C) automatic 
D) heuristic

Question 4

What is automatic processing,and what are the two major types of automatic processing that people use?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is automatic processing,and what are the...

Question 5

The ____ heuristic refers to the mental shortcut whereby people classify a person or thing based on how similar it appears to be to the typical case.

Accepted Answer

A) base-rate 
B) availability 
C) anchoring and adjustment 
D) representativeness

Question 6

What are schemas,and why are they often adaptive?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are schemas,and why are they often...

Question 7

Your textbook cites the example of the Amadou Diallo case as an example of automatic processing.How does this case show how automatic processing can lead to errors?

Accepted Answer

A) Police shot Diallo as he was pulling a weapon from his pocket but killed him unnecessarily. 
B) Police shot Diallo as he was pulling a wallet from his pocket because they thought he was reaching for a gun. 
C) Diallo shot the police and then was killed by them because he believed they would kill him. 
D) Diallo mistook the American police for the police of his native West Africa and spoke to them in his native tongue.

Question 8

Why do schemas differ from culture to culture?

Accepted Answer

A) Cultures differ in terms of what is important and relevant to the people who live there. 
B) In some cultures,a good memory is more important than in other cultures. 
C) Life is simpler in nonindustrialized cultures,making schemas less important. 
D) Survival is more difficult in nomadic cultures,making schemas more important.

Question 9

People tend to have ____ emotional reactions the ____ it is to "mentally undo" an outcome.

Accepted Answer

A) weaker; easier 
B) weaker; harder 
C) stronger; easier 
D) stronger; harder

Question 10

Based on the study by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007)presented in your text,if you pass by several churches,then a block or so later a homeless person asks you for change,how are you likely to behave?

Accepted Answer

A) You would probably take them to the churches you passed to get help. 
B) You would be very unlikely to give them money. 
C) You would be more likely to give them money. 
D) Passing by churches would not prime you to give more money,but passing by banks might.

Question 11

According to the authors of your text,people are likely to quickly categorize people they have just met.This is due to people's reliance on

Accepted Answer

A) self-fulfilling prophecies. 
B) counterfactual thinking. 
C) controlled processes. 
D) schemas.

Question 12

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues involved showing participants two similar pictures and asking them to find the differences between them.Nisbett and colleagues found that East Asian participants were more likely to focus on details

Accepted Answer

A) airplanes 
B) number of windows in the airplane 
C) number of helicopters 
D) shape of the control tower

Question 13

In general,when people first encounter a novel situation,they tend to

Accepted Answer

A) be in a state of complete confusion until they have explored extensively. 
B) size up the situation quickly and effortlessly and,for the most part,correctly. 
C) size up the situation quickly and effortlessly,but with frequent and extensive errors that are corrected only with experience. 
D) size up the situation quickly and effortlessly,but with frequent and extensive errors that are impervious to change.

Question 14

Several studies conducted by Nisbett and his colleagues suggest that people who grow up in East Asian cultures think more ____ than people who grew up in Western cultures.

Accepted Answer

A) intelligently 
B) creatively 
C) analytically 
D) holistically

Question 15

Jordan has just read about the importance of good communication in romantic relationships.Yet when he goes to play basketball with his friends,he repeatedly fails to communicate who he is passing the ball to,and never indicates when he is open to receive a pass.The best explanation for why Jordan was not successfully primed to be a good communicator with his friends is that the article about romantic relationships was not considered ____ in the new context.

Accepted Answer

A) applicable 
B) accessible 
C) available 
D) retrievable

Question 16

Julie sees an Asian couple at the New York City Zoo.According to ____,she may assume they are foreigners touring the area,but according to ____,she should assume that given the low tourism rate in her town,they are actually local residents.

Accepted Answer

A) base rate information; availability heuristic 
B) representativeness heuristic; base rate information 
C) availability heuristic; base rate information 
D) representativeness heuristic; availability heuristic

Question 17

Recall that Harold Kelley (1950)told some college students that their guest lecturer was a warm person,and others that he was a cold person.The visitor then lectured for twenty minutes,and behaved in a very arrogant way during the lecture.When students evaluated the lecturer,

Accepted Answer

A) no matter what the expectation,none of the students liked the arrogant lecturer. 
B) those students who expected a warm person interpreted his "arrogance" as insecurity. 
C) students expecting a warm person rated the lecturer as funnier,but no less arrogant than students who expected a cold person. 
D) students who expected a cold person rated the lecturer as less arrogant than students who expected a warm person.

Question 18

Consider information from the authors of your text about the availability heuristic.If you wanted to improve customer satisfaction survey ratings for your company,which of the following would you ask customers in terms of their suggestions for improvement?

Accepted Answer

A) Don't ask them for any criticisms or suggestions for improvement. 
B) Ask them to list their biggest criticism/suggestion. 
C) Ask them to list as many as they can. 
D) Ask them to list ten criticisms/suggestions.

Question 19

Nao was raised in Japan,and is walking through Times Square in New York City.Based on results from Nisbett's studies on cultural differences in thinking styles,which of the following would Nao be most likely to notice relative to people raised in the U.S.?

Accepted Answer

A) the number of people 
B) the advertisements 
C) the number of homeless people 
D) how the buildings are arranged relative to each other

Question 20

Which of the following decisions would you be least likely to make via automatic processing? A decision about

Accepted Answer

A) what brand of shampoo to buy. 
B) what to wear to class today. 
C) what major to pursue. 
D) what to order for dinner.

Exam 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World