Question 1

Heartburn is usually caused by the

Accepted Answer

A)  secretion of acid by the lining of the lower esophagus. 
B)  reflux of chyme from the stomach into the lower esophagus. 
C)  retention of food at the bottom of the esophagus by a sphincter that is reluctant to open. 
D)  irritation of the lower esophagus by substances in spicy food.

Question 2

-As an adult, if you had to choose only one of these two foods (corn or beans) to provide you with essential amino acids, which would you choose?

Accepted Answer

A)  corn, because it provides more essential amino acids than beans 
B)  beans, because they provide more essential amino acids than corn 
C)  Both are choices of the same value because they provide histidine.

Question 3

Malnutrition can cause a variety of health problems, including being underweight, due to unbalanced or insufficient diet. It is estimated that in 2015, approximately 14% of preschool-age children globally will be underweight (WHO and UNICEF Joint Global Nutrition Database, 2011). While this is a high percentage, it is a drop from approximately 25% just 25 years earlier.
Consider the following data table and answer the questions that follow.
 
-Which of the following subregions has shown the least variation in estimated prevalence (%) of underweight preschool children from the year 1990 to the year 2015?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eastern Asia 
B)  Caribbean 
C)  Northern Africa 
D)  Southern Africa

Question 4

Nectarivores drink flower nectar that is a sugary sweet liquid. Nectarivores are an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  suspension feeders. 
B)  bulk feeders. 
C)  fluid feeders. 
D)  substrate feeders.

Question 5

Since the fall of 2012, public schools have had to meet new nutrition standards (which included offering more fruits and vegetables) for their lunches. In 2013, the USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) reviewed data from the 2005 School Nutrition and Dietary Assessment to investigate whether students in schools that were already following the new standards (school group A) ate more fruits and vegetables than students in schools that were not following the new standards (school group B).
You will be presented with some of the overall findings of the review and will then be asked questions related to these conclusions.
-Finding #2: An unexpected finding was that if students came from economically poor homes or homes that did not have adequate food, they did not have greater fruit and vegetable consumption in school. What hypothesis were the researchers likely testing that produced this finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students who come from families with high incomes are more likely to eat greater amounts of fruits and vegetables than students from families with low incomes. 
B)  Students who come from families with adequate access to fruits and vegetables are more likely to eat greater amounts of these foods than students from families with low access to fruits and vegetables. 
C)  Students who have families with their own gardens will be less likely to eat greater amounts of fruits and vegetables. 
D)  Students who lack a high family income or who have low access to fruits and vegetables are more likely to eat greater amounts of these foods than students from families with a moderate income or who have adequate access to fruits and vegetables.

Question 6

Nutrients absorbed by the intestines move directly to the liver, which

Accepted Answer

A)  converts the nutrients into monomers. 
B)  converts excess glucose to glycogen. 
C)  manages the amount of glucose that is converted to amylase. 
D)  converts glucose to alcohol.

Question 7

To learn more about the variation in digestive systems, you surf the Web and search for images of digestive systems from different animals. You find an image of a digestive system that contains a colon that is shorter than the small intestine and a relatively tiny cecum. What type of animal could this digestive system possibly be from?

Accepted Answer

A)  a cow (that eats grass) 
B)  a tiger (that eats meat) 
C)  a squirrel (that eats nuts) 
D)  a beetle (that eats decaying organic matter)

Question 8

Fred is a 24-year-old college student whose father was just diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Since he knows that these problems often run in families, Fred has asked his doctor to recommend a plan so that he can minimize his risk of developing similar problems. The following are a few of the doctor's recommendations: quit smoking, exercise for at least 30 minutes per day, reduce dietary saturated fats and trans fats, and eat more fruits and vegetables.
-Which of the following would match his doctor's recommendations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eat fewer foods that contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils. 
B)  Eat fewer foods that contain antioxidants. 
C)  Avoid cooking with olive oil. 
D)  Switch to a low-carb diet.

Question 9

Digestion begins in the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  oral cavity. 
C)  esophagus. 
D)  stomach.

Question 10

Suppose that you have a cheeseburger for dinner, which contains approximately 400 calories. If brisk walking burns 100 calories in 30 minutes, how long do you need to walk to burn off all of the calories from this cheeseburger?

Accepted Answer

A)  30 minutes 
B)  60 minutes 
C)  90 minutes 
D)  120 minutes

Question 11

You are trying to cut down on the number of dessert foods that you eat as one effort toward losing weight. You don't feel ready to cut all sweets from your diet, so you decide to buy a dessert snack item that comes in small packages (hoping that the smaller amount will satisfy your cravings for sweet foods). In the grocery store, you study the label shown here for 100-calorie pouches of Krispy Krackers.
 
-In weighing the benefits of eating one serving of this item, you conclude that

Accepted Answer

A)  it contributes to the recommended amount of dietary fiber. 
B)  it contributes to the recommended amount of iron. 
C)  it contributes to the recommended amount of calcium. 
D)  it contributes to the recommended amount of vitamin C.

Question 12

You are trying to cut down on the number of dessert foods that you eat as one effort toward losing weight. You don't feel ready to cut all sweets from your diet, so you decide to buy a dessert snack item that comes in small packages (hoping that the smaller amount will satisfy your cravings for sweet foods). In the grocery store, you study the label shown here for 100-calorie pouches of Krispy Krackers.
 
-What percentage of the daily value of fat-soluble vitamins is provided by this package of cookies?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  2% 
C)  3% 
D)  4%

Question 13

The epiglottis is a

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle that moves the esophagus in line with the pharynx during swallowing. 
B)  muscle that moves the trachea out of line with the pharynx during swallowing. 
C)  flap of cartilage that flips down to cover the entry to the trachea during swallowing. 
D)  sphincter that closes off the entry to the trachea during swallowing.

Question 14

The Heimlich maneuver is performed to forcibly

Accepted Answer

A)  elevate the diaphragm. 
B)  depress the diaphragm. 
C)  squeeze the ribs. 
D)  compress the intestines.

Question 15

Bile produced in the liver is stored in the ________ before entering the duodenum.

Accepted Answer

A)  pancreas 
B)  stomach 
C)  gallbladder 
D)  large intestine

Question 16

Which of the following is a hormone produced by adipose cells that helps to control appetite?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  bile 
C)  gastrin 
D)  leptin

Question 17

Xerostomia is the scientific name for "dry mouth." Dry mouth can be a medical concern because chronic dry mouth can lead to dental problems as well as problems tasting, chewing, and swallowing. Dry mouth is likely due to an inadequate production of

Accepted Answer

A)  saliva. 
B)  chyme. 
C)  amylase. 
D)  bile.

Question 18

Most animals are

Accepted Answer

A)  bulk feeders. 
B)  substrate feeders. 
C)  suspension feeders. 
D)  fluid feeders.

Question 19

Which of the following statements regarding vitamins is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are simple inorganic compounds. 
B)  They must be ingested in large quantities. 
C)  They can serve as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes. 
D)  They are major sources of dietary calories.

Question 20

Which of the following statements regarding animal digestive systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  We expect that an herbivore will have a longer alimentary canal than a carnivore of similar body size. 
B)  Meat is more difficult to digest than vegetable matter because of its protein content. 
C)  Many herbivorous animals have cellulose-digesting microbes in their colon and cecum. 
D)  When cows chew their cud, it helps to soften and break down plant fibers, making these more accessible to digestion by microbes.

Exam 21: Nutrition and Digestion