Question 1

Arteries are distinguished from veins based on all of the following features except the

Accepted Answer

A)  direction of blood flow relative to the heart. 
B)  structure of their walls. 
C)  amount of oxygen present in the blood. 
D)  blood pressure pushing against the walls of the vessels.

Question 2

In which of the following human blood vessels is the blood pressure lowest?

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries in the head 
B)  arterioles in the legs 
C)  capillaries in the feet 
D)  veins in the head

Question 3

Myocardial infarction, also called a heart attack,

Accepted Answer

A)  is caused by excessive blood pressure in the heart. 
B)  actually causes no permanent damage to the heart. 
C)  is unrelated to cigarette smoking. 
D)  is the damage or death of cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 4

Electrocardiographs (ECGs or EKGs) provide data about the electrical activity of the heart. By placing a series of "leads" on a person's chest, the electrical activity of the heart can be recorded and analyzed in order to detect irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) and other conditions. The figure below shows a normal EKG tracing for one cardiac cycle.
  The P region represents electrical activity spreading through the atria. The QRS region represents electrical activity spreading through the ventricles. The T region represents electrical activity in the ventricles returning to rest.
-Suppose a person's AV node in their heart suddenly stopped sending signals to the rest of the heart. How would this person's EKG differ from normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  The EKG would have a taller P region. 
B)  The EKG would not have a QRS region. 
C)  The EKG would have a shorter T region. 
D)  The EKG would not have a gap between the S and T regions.

Question 5

Electrocardiographs (ECGs or EKGs) provide data about the electrical activity of the heart. By placing a series of "leads" on a person's chest, the electrical activity of the heart can be recorded and analyzed in order to detect irregular heartbeats (arrhythmias) and other conditions. The figure below shows a normal EKG tracing for one cardiac cycle.
  The P region represents electrical activity spreading through the atria. The QRS region represents electrical activity spreading through the ventricles. The T region represents electrical activity in the ventricles returning to rest.
-Suppose a person has a heart rate of 60 beats/min and that the start of the P region until the end of the T region represents one cardiac cycle. If the x axis in the EKG is time, approximately how much time passes between the start of the P region and the end of the T region?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.1 second 
B)  1 second 
C)  10 seconds 
D)  60 seconds

Question 6

Using a stethoscope, you listen to a beating heart and hear "lub-dup, lub-dup." These sounds are created by

Accepted Answer

A)  muscles in the left ventricle. 
B)  blood flowing through the aorta. 
C)  blood pressure differentials from chamber to chamber. 
D)  blood recoiling against the closed valves.

Question 7

Which of the following animals has a three-chambered heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  snake 
B)  crocodile 
C)  human 
D)  bird

Question 8

One way that substances move between blood and interstitial fluid is by

Accepted Answer

A)  alternatively breaking and regenerating membranes of cells lining capillaries. 
B)  osmosis. 
C)  pressure-driven flow through clefts between the epithelial cells of the capillary wall. 
D)  active transport utilizing ATP.

Question 9

In mammals, blood returning from the head will pass through the ________ just before entering the right atrium.

Accepted Answer

A)  left atrium 
B)  superior vena cava 
C)  inferior vena cava 
D)  aorta

Question 10

During exercise, your heart rate can increase dramatically in order to meet the metabolic demands of your tissues. If your heart rate increased to 144 beats per minute, approximately how long would diastole last in a single cardiac cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.2 second 
B)  0.6 second 
C)  0.8 second 
D)  1.6 seconds

Question 11

Which part of this figure depicts a pulmonary artery?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 12

Which of the following is characteristic of the circulatory system of arthropods?

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of a heart 
B)  lack of blood 
C)  lack of blood vessels 
D)  lack of distinction between blood and interstitial fluid

Question 13

An adult human's red blood cells are formed in the

Accepted Answer

A)  spleen. 
B)  liver. 
C)  bone marrow. 
D)  thyroid gland.

Question 14

Blood is pumped from the heart to the lungs by the

Accepted Answer

A)  left atrium. 
B)  right atrium. 
C)  left ventricle. 
D)  right ventricle.

Question 15

A red blood cell is in an artery in the right leg. How many capillary beds will it pass through before it returns to the left atrium of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  none 
B)  one 
C)  two 
D)  three

Question 16

Which of the following statements about blood clotting is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first response to an injury is dilation of the damaged blood vessels. 
B)  During the clotting response, platelets rapidly congregate in the interstitial fluid. 
C)  Fibrin is enzymatically converted to fibrinogen. 
D)  Threads of fibrin form a fibrin clot.

Question 17

What type of blood vessel is solely responsible for exchange between the blood and the interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  artery 
B)  arteriole 
C)  capillary 
D)  venule

Question 18

Plasma proteins are involved in all of the following activities except

Accepted Answer

A)  fighting infection. 
B)  maintaining osmotic balance. 
C)  carrying oxygen. 
D)  blood clotting.

Question 19

What is the most common cause of anemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin deficiency 
B)  low blood pressure 
C)  iron deficiency 
D)  inefficient hemoglobin production

Question 20

During ventricular systole, the semilunar valves ________ and the AV valves ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  open; open 
B)  close; open 
C)  open; close 
D)  close; close

Exam 23: Circulation