Question 1

Evidence of the importance of the conversion of uridine to pseudouridine comes from a rare,fatal disease in which the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion is mutated.Symptoms of the disease are skin abnormalities,bone marrow failure and elevated susceptibility to cancer.The name of the disease is _________.

Accepted Answer

A) dysplasia 
B) keratinosis 
C) dyskeratosis 
D) lupus erythematosus 
E) dyspareunia

Question 2

Beadle and Tatum's research suggested that __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a gene carries the information to build lipids 
B) a gene carries the information to build carbohydrates 
C) a gene carries the information for the construction of a particular enzyme 
D) a gene is made of RNA 
E) a gene is made of DNA

Question 3

What is the name of the enzyme that cleaves dsRNA into the small,double-stranded fragments known as small-interfering RNAs (siRNAs)?

Accepted Answer

A) riboendonuclease 
B) Dicer ribonuclease 
C) deoxyribonuclease 
D) RNA helicase 
E) reverse transcriptase

Question 4

What chemical group is attached to the first methionine in a polypeptide chain in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) a formyl group 
B) a methyl group 
C) an acetyl group 
D) a phosphate group 
E) a glutamyl group

Question 5

Modifications to the nucleotides of pre-rRNAs are made _________?

Accepted Answer

A) posttranslationally 
B) pretranscriptionally 
C) posttranscriptionally 
D) postmitotically 
E) premitotically

Question 6

The greatest variability among codons that specify the same amino acid occurs _________.

Accepted Answer

A) in the first two nucleotides of the triplet 
B) in the last two nucleotides of the triplet 
C) in the first and third nucleotides of the triplet 
D) in the third nucleotide of the triplet 
E) in the middle nucleotide of the triplet

Question 7

The surfaces of the two ribosomal subunits that face one another contain the binding sites for the mRNA and incoming tRNAs and are thus of key importance for the function of the ribosomes.The fact that these surfaces consist largely of RNA supports what proposal?

Accepted Answer

A) the proposal that primordial ribosomes were composed solely of proteins 
B) the proposal that primordial ribosomes were composed exclusively of RNA 
C) the proposal that primordial ribosomes were composed exclusively of DNA 
D) the proposal that prokaryotes gave rise to eukaryotes 
E) the proposal that endosymbiosis gave rise to eukaryotes

Question 8

A pri-mRNA is cleaved within the nucleus by an enzyme called _______ into a shorter,double-stranded,hairpin-shaped precursor called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) Drosha,pre-miRNA 
B) Drosha,pri-miRNA 
C) Dicer,pre-miRNA 
D) Dicer,pri-miRNA 
E) Slicer,pre-miRNA

Question 9

The nucleotide at which transcription is initiated is called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) +1 
C) -1 
D) +2 
E) -2

Question 10

Cells from a tremendously weakened embryo are examined and found to have seriously depleted levels of a number of tRNAs.If the defect resides in an RNA polymerase,which polymerase is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cells from a tremendously weakened embryo are...

Question 11

If there were one tRNA for every codon that codes for an amino acid,how many different tRNAs should there be?

Accepted Answer

A) 20 
B) 3 
C) 64 
D) 61 
E) 21

Question 12

What provides the energy that drives the polymerization of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogenous bases 
B) deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate precursors 
C) ribonucleoside triphosphate precursors 
D) ribose sugars 
E) ribosomes

Question 13

Where is the RNA polymerase II phosphorylated during its activation?

Accepted Answer

A) on the N-terminal end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
B) on the central 20 amino acids of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
C) on the 3' end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
D) on the 5' end of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit 
E) in the carboxyl-terminal domain (CT
D) of the largest RNA polymerase II subunit

Question 14

What was the new name of Beadle and Tatum's hypothesis after it was discovered that some enzymes were composed of more than one polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

A) the One Gene - One Enzyme hypothesis 
B) the One Gene - One Polypeptide hypothesis 
C) the One Polypeptide - One Enzyme hypothesis 
D) the One Polypeptide - One Gene hypothesis 
E) the One Gene - Two Gene hypothesis

Question 15

What evidence shows that the genetic code is not overlapping?

Accepted Answer

A) Mutant proteins whose genes experience a change in only one nucleotide,have a corresponding change in 3 consecutive amino acids. 
B) Mutant proteins whose genes experience a change in only one nucleotide,have a corresponding change in only 1 amino acid. 
C) Mutant proteins are greatly increased in length relative to the gene coding for them. 
D) Mutant proteins are greatly decreased in length relative to the gene coding for them. 
E) Mutant proteins whose genes experience a change in only one nucleotide,have a corresponding change in 6 consecutive amino acids.

Question 16

RNA polymerase II promoters are located on the ____ side of each transcription unit.

Accepted Answer

A) 3' 
B) 5' 
C) N-terminal 
D) C-terminal 
E) internal

Question 17

Which of the following is not a normal property of eukaryotic mRNAs?

Accepted Answer

A) They contain a continuous nucleotide sequence encoding a specific polypeptide. 
B) They are found in the cytoplasm and inside the Golgi complex. 
C) They are attached to ribosomes when they are translated. 
D) Most have a significant noncoding segment that does not direct assembly of amino acids. 
E) Eukaryotic mRNAs have special modifications at their 5' and 3' termini.

Question 18

What is the name of the RNA-degrading machine that consists of nearly a dozen different exonucleases and is thought to execute some of the enzymatic cleavages that occur during pre-rRNA processing?

Accepted Answer

A) endosome 
B) exosome 
C) nucleosome 
D) heliosome 
E) degradosome

Question 19

What did Beadle and Tatum use to generate mutations in their experimental organism?

Accepted Answer

A) mustard gas 
B) irradiation with ultraviolet light 
C) fluorescent dyes 
D) ethidium bromide 
E) Coomassie blue

Question 20

How would you describe the arrangement of the 5S rRNA genes?

Accepted Answer

A) tandem array with spacers 
B) continuous genes 
C) tandem array without spacers 
D) 4 introns between each protein 
E) quartile array with duplex spacers

Exam 11: Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation