Question 1

Conserved portions of mammalian genomes are assumed to be _________.

Accepted Answer

A) repeated 
B) important 
C) unimportant 
D) long 
E) extraordinary

Question 2

Which type of enzyme makes a transient break in both DNA duplex strands and then transports another segment of a DNA molecule (or separate molecule entirely)through the break and reseals the severed strands?

Accepted Answer

A) Type I topoisomerase 
B) Type II topoisomerase 
C) Type I topologicase 
D) Type II topologicase 
E) Type I isomerase

Question 3

How is a cluster of tandemly repeated segments generated at a localized site within a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A) by a single duplication event 
B) by multiple vaporizations 
C) by repeated duplication of a particular sequence over a number of generations 
D) by a single inversion event 
E) by a single deletion even

Question 4

The information encoded in DNA resides in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) phosphates in the backbone 
B) sugars in the backbone 
C) the DNA base sequence 
D) the sugars and phosphate groups together 
E) the phosphodiester linkages

Question 5

You are given a sample of DNA and everything you need to carry out a renaturation study.The resulting data are composed of a single,symmetrical curve.What do you know about the curve and what can you guess about its source?

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are given a sample of DNA...

Question 6

In a right-handed double helix,if one looks down the central axis of the molecule,_________.

Accepted Answer

A) each strand follows a counterclockwise path as it moves away from the observer 
B) each strand follows a clockwise path as it moves away from the observer 
C) each strand follows a rectangular path as it moves toward the observer 
D) each strand follows a clockwise path as it moves toward the observer 
E) one strand follows a clockwise path as it moves away from the observer,the other follows a clockwise path as it moves toward the observe

Question 7

The building blocks of a nucleotide are ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) a pentose sugar and a phosphate group 
B) a pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base 
C) a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base 
D) a pentose sugar,a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base 
E) a pentose sugar,a phosphate group and an amino acid

Question 8

An organism has 4 chromosomes (generation 0).If there were no reduction division in meiosis,how many chromosomes would the organism have after generation 10?

Accepted Answer

The answer of An organism has 4 chromosomes (generation 0).If...

Question 9

The Law of Independent Assortment states that ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) segregation of an allelic pair for one trait has no effect on segregation of alleles for another trait 
B) an organism's two alleles for a gene separate from one another during gamete formation 
C) segregation of an allelic pair for one trait has a great effect on segregation of alleles for another trait 
D) an organism's three alleles for a gene separate from one another during gamete formation 
E) gametes are diploid and highly variable

Question 10

What word below most accurately describes transposable elements?

Accepted Answer

A) stable 
B) offspring 
C) helpers 
D) genetic parasite 
E) genetic symbionts

Question 11

The effect of _________ on embryonic development is ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) polyandry,disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
B) mitosis,disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
C) polyspermy,disruptive cell divisions and the early death of the embryo 
D) polyspermy,the embryo develops normally but is twice as large 
E) polyandry,the embryo develops normally but is twice as large

Question 12

A new area of biological study called ________ has emerged that focuses on the ways that proteins work together as complex networks rather than as individual actors.

Accepted Answer

A) systems biology 
B) complex biology 
C) systematics 
D) complexity 
E) networkonics

Question 13

What would happen if meiosis did not include a reduction division?

Accepted Answer

A) The number of chromosomes in a species would remain the same with each generation. 
B) The number of chromosomes in a species would double with each generation. 
C) The number of chromosomes in a species would halve with each generation. 
D) The number of chromosomes in a species would quadruple with each generation. 
E) Chromosomes would shrink prior to each cell division.

Question 14

Which type of DNA sequence is typified by short sequences of DNA (five to a few hundred base pairs in length)repeated a large number of times in tandem to form very large clusters,each containing up to several million base pairs of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) satellite DNAs 
B) minisatellite DNAs 
C) microsatellite DNAs 
D) consensus sequences 
E) microminisatellite DNAs

Question 15

Which type of DNA sequence in the genome is interspersed and probably arose by transposition of mobile genetic elements?

Accepted Answer

A) satellite DNA 
B) microsatellite DNA 
C) minisatellite DNA 
D) moderately repeated DNA sequences 
E) unique sequence DNA

Question 16

A significant proportion of functional DNA sequences are __________ and thus are _______.

Accepted Answer

A) stable over time,highly conserved 
B) constantly evolving,not highly conserved 
C) constantly evolving,highly conserved 
D) invariant,not highly conserved 
E) duplicated,invariant

Question 17

A single gene can encode a number of related proteins as a result of a process called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) alternative splicing 
B) gene expression 
C) polymorphism 
D) alternative addition 
E) alternative expression

Question 18

The most common type of genetic variability in humans occurs at sites in the genome where single nucleotide differences are found among different members of the population.What are these sites called?

Accepted Answer

A) single nucleotide polymorphisms 
B) SNPs 
C) "snips" 
D) single nucleotide polymathisms 
E) single nucleotide polymorphisms,SNPs and "snips"

Question 19

What is the name of chromosomes that have as many as 1024 times the number of DNA strands usually present?

Accepted Answer

A) polymorphic chromosomes 
B) polytene chromosomes 
C) homologous chromosomes 
D) heterozygous chromosomes 
E) papillosomes

Question 20

What is one explanation for the wide discrepancies in genome sizes from species to species?

Accepted Answer

A) More advanced organisms have more DNA. 
B) Genomes have an extremely variable number of repeated DNA sequences that do not code for proteins. 
C) Some organisms have multiple repeats of each gene. 
D) More advanced organisms have more genes. 
E) More advanced organisms have more centromeric DNA.

Exam 10: The Nature of the Gene and the Genome