Question 1

What is a leukocyte?

Accepted Answer

A) a red blood cell 
B) a platelet 
C) a white blood cell 
D) a complement protein 
E) an hepatocyte

Question 2

What is responsible for degrading antigens located in the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells into short peptides?

Accepted Answer

A) uncomplexed proteases floating free in the cytoplasm 
B) proteases that are part of proteasomes 
C) proteases embedded in the nuclear membrane 
D) the acidic environment of the lysosome lumen 
E) hydrolytic enzymes of the lysosomal lumen

Question 3

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to donate an organ successfully to another individual?

Accepted Answer

A) any member of the population 
B) the recipient's sibling 
C) a member of the same race as the recipient 
D) the recipient's identical twin 
E) the recipient's fraternal twin

Question 4

Which of the following are proteolytic enzymes that enter perforin channels and activate caspases,which in turn initiate the apoptotic response?

Accepted Answer

A) granzymes 
B) proteolysinase 
C) proteases 
D) lysozymes 
E) protein kinase B

Question 5

How many species of T-cell receptors does each T cell have?

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) up to ten 
D) an infinite number 
E) four

Question 6

When an antigen binds to the antibody in the membrane of a B cell,the B cell proliferates and forms a population of B lymphocytes that all make the same antibody.The population of B lymphocytes thus formed is called a(n)_________.

Accepted Answer

A) group 
B) clone 
C) identicon 
D) proliferate 
E) codon

Question 7

Which cells of the immune system differentiate in the thymus gland?

Accepted Answer

A) T cells or T lymphocytes 
B) antigen cells 
C) B cells or B lymphocytes 
D) platelets 
E) macrophages

Question 8

How is the material ingested by dendritic cells fragmented?

Accepted Answer

A) Fragmentation is random. 
B) Enzymes in the cytoplasm of the dendritic cells fragment the antigens of the ingested material. 
C) Enzymes in the nucleus of the dendritic cells fragment the antigens of the ingested material. 
D) The lower pH of the cytoplasm fragments the antigenic foreign material. 
E) The higher pH of the cytoplasm fragments the antigenic foreign material.

Question 9

Why is the second response to an antigen on a pathogen faster than the initial response?

Accepted Answer

A) The antibodies of the secondary response are more efficient. 
B) The antibodies of the secondary response are less efficient. 
C) After the initial exposure,memory cells are present; they respond more quickly upon a second exposure to the antigen. 
D) After the initial exposure,the memory cells respond more slowly. 
E) Pathogens are generally weaker with the second exposure.

Question 10

The DNA sequences involved in the formation of human $\kappa$ light chains are located on chromosome ____.

Accepted Answer

A) 22 
B) 14 
C) 2 
D) X 
E) Y

Question 11

Some of the activated B cells differentiate into short-lived cells that secrete large amounts of antibodies.Such cells are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A) memory cells 
B) activation cells 
C) plasma cells 
D) secretion cells 
E) antibody-producing cells

Question 12

You are studying a weasel and find that its genome contains 7 J$\kappa$and 55 V$\kappa$ genes.Other sources of variation (such as changes in the site at which a J sequence joins a V sequence and the ability of deoxynucleotidyl transferase to insert nucleotides at sites of strand breakage)have been found to introduce an additional ten-fold increase in variability.Assuming that any V sequence can join with any J sequence,how many different $\kappa$ chains can this organism make?

Accepted Answer

A) 620 
B) 385 
C) 3850 
D) 70 
E) 550

Question 13

What is the primary sorting compartment along the biosynthetic pathway?

Accepted Answer

A) the RER 
B) the trans-Golgi network (TGN) 
C) the cis-Golgi network (CGN) 
D) lysosomes 
E) the plasma membrane

Question 14

There are two types of IgG light chains.What are they?

Accepted Answer

A) alpha ($\alpha$)and beta ($\beta$) 
B) alpha ($\alpha$)and omega ( $\Omega$ ) 
C) kappa ($\kappa$)and lambda ($\lambda$) 
D) delta ($\Delta$)and gamma ($\gamma$) 
E) kappa ($\kappa$)and delta ($\Delta$)

Question 15

Why are so many different antibodies able to be made by the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A) because mistakes are made during translation 
B) because mistakes are made during transcription 
C) because mistakes are made during reverse transcription 
D) because thousands of different DNA rearrangements are possible 
E) because thousands of different mRNA alterations are possible

Exam 17: The Immune Response

What is a leukocyte?

What is responsible for degrading antigens located in the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells into short peptides?

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to donate an organ successfully to another individual?

Which of the following are proteolytic enzymes that enter perforin channels and activate caspases,which in turn initiate the apoptotic response?

How many species of T-cell receptors does each T cell have?

When an antigen binds to the antibody in the membrane of a B cell,the B cell proliferates and forms a population of B lymphocytes that all make the same antibody.The population of B lymphocytes thus formed is called a(n) _________.

Which cells of the immune system differentiate in the thymus gland?

How is the material ingested by dendritic cells fragmented?

Why is the second response to an antigen on a pathogen faster than the initial response?

The DNA sequences involved in the formation of human $\kappa$ light chains are located on chromosome ____.

Some of the activated B cells differentiate into short-lived cells that secrete large amounts of antibodies.Such cells are called __________.

What is the primary sorting compartment along the biosynthetic pathway?

There are two types of IgG light chains.What are they?

Why are so many different antibodies able to be made by the immune system?

Exam 17: The Immune Response

What is a leukocyte?

What is responsible for degrading antigens located in the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells into short peptides?

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to donate an organ successfully to another individual?

Which of the following are proteolytic enzymes that enter perforin channels and activate caspases,which in turn initiate the apoptotic response?

How many species of T-cell receptors does each T cell have?

When an antigen binds to the antibody in the membrane of a B cell,the B cell proliferates and forms a population of B lymphocytes that all make the same antibody.The population of B lymphocytes thus formed is called a(n) _________.

Which cells of the immune system differentiate in the thymus gland?

How is the material ingested by dendritic cells fragmented?

Why is the second response to an antigen on a pathogen faster than the initial response?

The DNA sequences involved in the formation of human κ\kappaκ light chains are located on chromosome ____.

Some of the activated B cells differentiate into short-lived cells that secrete large amounts of antibodies.Such cells are called __________.

What is the primary sorting compartment along the biosynthetic pathway?

There are two types of IgG light chains.What are they?

Why are so many different antibodies able to be made by the immune system?

The DNA sequences involved in the formation of human $\kappa$ light chains are located on chromosome ____.