Question 1

Which of the following steps would improve the external validity of an analogue experiment of sub-clinical depression in college students?

Accepted Answer

A) Include a no-treatment control group. 
B) Perform statistical analyses on the results. 
C) Use clinically depressed patients. 
D) Include several types of therapy.

Question 2

Which of the following correlation coefficients is plausible for a study which showed that the weight of people's clothing increases as the temperature decreases?

Accepted Answer

A) r = +.20 
B) r = 0.00 
C) r = -.20 
D) r = -2.0

Question 3

Which of the following would likely produce a negative correlation?

Accepted Answer

A) intelligence and grade point averages. 
B) family income and living in the inner city. 
C) length of hair and history of child abuse. 
D) auto accident injuries and blood alcohol level of drivers.

Question 4

In correlational studies it can be hard to show which variable led to a change in the other variable.This is a problem with

Accepted Answer

A) directionality. 
B) cross-fostering. 
C) incidence. 
D) clinical significance.

Question 5

Which of the following correlation coefficients is most likely to be statistically significant?

Accepted Answer

A) .00 
B) -.10 
C) .40 
D) -.85

Question 6

Dr.Hall found a positive correlation between depression and child abuse;depressed mothers were more likely to abuse their children.Which of the following explanations best illustrates the third-variable problem?

Accepted Answer

A) Abusing one's children may cause depression. 
B) Poverty may cause both depression and child abuse. 
C) The relationship between depression and child abuse may apply only to women. 
D) Abused children may have a predisposition to become depressed.

Question 7

If a researcher were to compare the relationship between school grades and conduct problems,then this would be a _________ study.

Accepted Answer

A) case 
B) correlational 
C) experimental 
D) epidemiological

Question 8

Dr.Dominguez conducted a study of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.She developed a new medication that was significantly better than placebo in treating the disorder,but this effect was not found in a similar study conducted in another laboratory.Dr.Dominguez's study has ___________ internal validity and __________ external validity.

Accepted Answer

A) high;high 
B) high;low 
C) low;high 
D) low;low

Question 9

Explain the importance of theory in research on psychopathology.How does theory guide the research process? Discuss,in particular,how theory informs the decisions in formulating hypotheses,designing independent variables,and selecting dependent variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the importance of theory in research...

Question 10

A genetic explanation of schizophrenia would be supported by which of the following choices?

Accepted Answer

A) Higher concordance between MZ than DZ twins. 
B) MZ twins reared apart are likely to share the disorder. 
C) First-degree relatives of someone with schizophrenia are more likely to have schizophrenia than third-degree relatives. 
D) All of these support a genetic explanation.

Question 11

Dr.Brown developed a psychological test to measure anxiety.She then conducted several additional studies in which she showed that scores on her test are higher for college students during finals week,people diagnosed with anxiety disorders,and people high in psychophysiological measures of anxiety.Dr.Brown's additional studies help demonstrate the ________ of her test.

Accepted Answer

A) external validity 
B) internal validity 
C) independence 
D) prevalence

Question 12

A study finds that children of mothers with a fear of heights are more likely to have a fear of heights themselves.Which of the following may be a reason why it would be inaccurate to conclude that a fear of heights is genetically transmitted from mother to offspring?

Accepted Answer

A) Specific phobias cannot be genetically transmitted. 
B) The mothers may model phobic behavior. 
C) The study did not test the possibility of the fathers' having a fear of heights. 
D) None of the above.

Question 13

Which of the following is a critique of findings from meta-analyses?

Accepted Answer

A) The summarized studies use different statistical procedures. 
B) Different studies reach different conclusions. 
C) They summarize findings from studies of varying quality. 
D) There are usually insufficient numbers of studies to analyze.

Question 14

A good theory should

Accepted Answer

A) be incapable of being proven wrong. 
B) make sense of obscure phenomena. 
C) develop directly out of observations. 
D) explain cause-effect relationships.

Question 15

In an experiment,control groups and random assignment are used to

Accepted Answer

A) improve internal validity. 
B) increase statistical significance. 
C) improve external validity. 
D) minimize correlations.

Question 16

In this method,children are adopted and reared with adopted parents who have a particular disorder.

Accepted Answer

A) family method 
B) twin method 
C) experiment 
D) cross-fostering

Question 17

Design a study that will examine how memories change after a traumatic event.Be sure to identify who the participants in your study should be and whether you can conduct an experimental or correlational project.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Design a study that will examine how...

Question 18

Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the text as a weakness of the ABAB design?

Accepted Answer

A) It has low internal validity. 
B) Reinstating the original condition is ethically questionable. 
C) It has low external validity. 
D) The initial state of the subject may not be recoverable.

Question 19

Dr.Bradley has been conducting a case study of Brenda P. ,a woman with dissociative identity disorder.Which of the following statements by Dr.Bradley is a misuse of the case study method?

Accepted Answer

A) "Brenda,a woman with dissociative identity disorder,was sexually abused as a child.Therefore,all individuals with multiple personality disorder must have been abuse victims." 
B) "Since Brenda was not sexually abused,the theory that all dissociation is caused by sexual abuse may not be universally true." 
C) "Brenda was sexually molested as a child.This leads me to hypothesize that perhaps other individuals with dissociative identity disorder were molested as children." 
D) All of the above are examples of inappropriate uses of the case study.

Question 20

Meta-analysis is

Accepted Answer

A) a method of analyzing data for an individual study. 
B) a method of examining the findings from many studies in a quantitative manner. 
C) a procedure that has solved the problem of psychotherapy. 
D) None of these choices are correct

Exam 4: Research Methods in the Study of Psychopathology