Question 1

Ecco Company has total fixed costs of $5,000, sells a product whose contribution margin is $50 and selling price per unit is $125, and has current sales of $15,000. The company's margin of safety ratio is 20%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Contribution margin income statements for two competing companies are provided below: $$\begin{array} { |l|l|l| } 
\hline &{ \text { Yin Company } } & { \text { Yang Company } } \
\hline \text { Revenue } & \$  750,000 & \$  750,000 \
\hline \text { Less variable cosrts } &  \underline{300,000} & \underline{525,000} \
\hline \text { Contribution margin } & \$  450,000 & \$  225,000 \
\hline \text { Less fixed costs } &  \underline{405,000} & \underline{180,000} \
\hline \text { Net income } & \$  45,000 & \$  45,000 \
\hline
\end{array}$$ 
Required:
1) Show each company's cost structure by inserting the percentage of the company's revenue represented by each item on the contribution income statement.
2) Compute each company's magnitude of operating leverage.
3) Using the operating leverage measures computed in requirement 2, determine the increase in each company's net income (percentage and amount) if each company experiences a 10 percent increase in sales.
4) Assume that sales are expected to continue to increase for the foreseeable future, which company probably has more desirable cost structure? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Contribution margin income statements for two competing...

Question 3

Wham Company sells electronic squirrel repellants for $60. Variable costs are 60% of sales and total fixed costs are $40,000. What is the firm's magnitude of operating leverage if 2,000 units are sold?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.17 
B)  6.0 
C)  2.25 
D)  none of these

Question 4

The BRC Company is considering the introduction of a new line of high end electronics. Because there is considerable uncertainty with regard to the demand for the products, the company would probably be served better by a variable cost structure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Martinez Company sells one product that has a sales price of $20 per unit, variable costs of $8 per unit, and total fixed costs of $200,000, what is the contribution margin ratio?

Accepted Answer

A)  40% 
B)  60% 
C)  50% 
D)  66%

Question 6

Companies with low operating leverage will experience lower profits when sales increase than will companies with higher operating leverage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

As activity increases, the fixed cost per unit increases while the variable cost per unit remains constant.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Operating leverage exists when:

Accepted Answer

A)  a company utilizes debt to finance its assets. 
B)  management buys enough of the company's shares of stock to take control of the corporation. 
C)  the organization makes purchases on credit instead of paying cash. 
D)  small percentage changes in revenue produce large percentage changes in profit.

Question 9

In order to prepare a contribution format income statement:

Accepted Answer

A)  costs must be separated into manufacturing and selling, general, and administrative costs. 
B)  costs must be separated into cost of goods sold and operating expenses. 
C)  costs must be separated into variable and fixed costs. 
D)  costs must be separated into mixed, variable and fixed costs.

Question 10

What are mixed or semivariable costs? Give an example of a mixed cost.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are mixed or semivariable costs? Give...

Question 11

Companies A and B are in the same industry and are identical except for cost structure. At a volume of 50,000 units, the companies have equal net incomes. At 60,000 units, Company A's net income would be substantially higher than B's. Based on this information:

Accepted Answer

A)  Company A's cost structure has more variable costs than B's. 
B)  Company A's cost structure has higher fixed costs than B's. 
C)  Company B's cost structure has higher fixed costs than A's. 
D)  At a volume of 50,000 units, Company A's magnitude of operating leverage was lower than B's.

Question 12

Columbus Industries makes a product that sells for $25 a unit. The product has a $5 per unit variable cost and total fixed costs of $9,000. At budgeted sales of 2,000 units, the margin of safety ratio is:

Accepted Answer

A)  22.5%. 
B)  10%. 
C)  77.5%. 
D)  None of these.

Question 13

Gamble Company has contribution margin of $20 per unit and a break-even point of 10,000 units. If Gamble sells 9,999 units, what would be its net income or loss? Explain how you calculated your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Gamble Company has contribution margin of $20...

Question 14

In the graph below, which depicts the relationship between units produced and total cost, the dotted line depicts which type of total cost?

Accepted Answer

A)  Variable cost 
B)  Fixed cost 
C)  Mixed cost 
D)  None of these

Question 15

The higher the magnitude of a company's operating leverage, the smaller the decrease in profit for a given percentage decrease in revenue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The following income statements are provided for Li Company's last two years of operation:  Assuming that cost behavior did not change over the two year period, what is the annual amount of the company's fixed manufacturing overhead?

Accepted Answer

A)  $12,000 
B)  $24,000 
C)  $26,000 
D)  none of these

Question 17

To attain a target profit, the total gross margin generated from sales must be sufficient to cover total fixed costs plus the target profit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Rocky Mountain Bottling Company produces a soft drink that is sold for a dollar. At production and sales of 800,000 units, the company pays $600,000 in production costs, half of which are fixed costs. At that volume, general, selling, and administrative costs amount to $250,000 of which $70,000 are fixed costs. What is the amount of contribution margin per unit?

Accepted Answer

A)  $0.400 
B)  $0.5375 
C)  $0.250 
D)  None of these is correct.

Question 19

Once sales reach the break-even point, each additional unit sold will:

Accepted Answer

A)  increase fixed cost by a proportionate amount. 
B)  reduce the margin of safety. 
C)  increase the company's operating leverage. 
D)  increase profit by an amount equal to the per unit contribution margin.

Question 20

The magnitude of operating leverage for Blue Ridge Corporation is 3.5 when sales are $200,000 and net income is $36,000. If sales decrease by 6%, net income is expected to decrease by what amount?

Accepted Answer

A)  $2,160 
B)  $7,560 
C)  $3,420 
D)  $1,260

Exam 11: Cost Behavior, Operating Leverage, and Profitability Analysis

Ecco Company has total fixed costs of $5,000, sells a product whose contribution margin is $50 and selling price per unit is $125, and has current sales of $15,000. The company's margin of safety ratio is 20%.

Wham Company sells electronic squirrel repellants for $60. Variable costs are 60% of sales and total fixed costs are $40,000. What is the firm's magnitude of operating leverage if 2,000 units are sold?

The BRC Company is considering the introduction of a new line of high end electronics. Because there is considerable uncertainty with regard to the demand for the products, the company would probably be served better by a variable cost structure.

Martinez Company sells one product that has a sales price of $20 per unit, variable costs of $8 per unit, and total fixed costs of $200,000, what is the contribution margin ratio?

Companies with low operating leverage will experience lower profits when sales increase than will companies with higher operating leverage.

As activity increases, the fixed cost per unit increases while the variable cost per unit remains constant.

Operating leverage exists when:

In order to prepare a contribution format income statement:

What are mixed or semivariable costs? Give an example of a mixed cost.

Companies A and B are in the same industry and are identical except for cost structure. At a volume of 50,000 units, the companies have equal net incomes. At 60,000 units, Company A's net income would be substantially higher than B's. Based on this information:

Columbus Industries makes a product that sells for $25 a unit. The product has a $5 per unit variable cost and total fixed costs of $9,000. At budgeted sales of 2,000 units, the margin of safety ratio is:

Gamble Company has contribution margin of $20 per unit and a break-even point of 10,000 units. If Gamble sells 9,999 units, what would be its net income or loss? Explain how you calculated your answer.

In the graph below, which depicts the relationship between units produced and total cost, the dotted line depicts which type of total cost?

The higher the magnitude of a company's operating leverage, the smaller the decrease in profit for a given percentage decrease in revenue.

The following income statements are provided for Li Company's last two years of operation: Assuming that cost behavior did not change over the two year period, what is the annual amount of the company's fixed manufacturing overhead?

To attain a target profit, the total gross margin generated from sales must be sufficient to cover total fixed costs plus the target profit.

Once sales reach the break-even point, each additional unit sold will:

The magnitude of operating leverage for Blue Ridge Corporation is 3.5 when sales are $200,000 and net income is $36,000. If sales decrease by 6%, net income is expected to decrease by what amount?