Question 1

A parent brings a child to the emergency department and reports fever,foul smell coming from the throat,and a gray covering over the tonsils.What action by the nurse takes priority?

Accepted Answer

A)   Place the child on a cardiac monitor.
B)   Attach a pulse oximeter to the child.
C)   Assess respiratory status immediately.
D)   Start an IV and draw blood cultures. C

Question 2

What is the best response to a parent of a 2-month-old infant who asks when the infant should first receive the measles vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)   "Your baby can get the measles vaccine now."
B)   "The first dose is given any time after the first birthday."
C)   "She should be vaccinated between 4 and 6 years of age."
D)   "This vaccine is administered when the child is 11 years old." B

Question 3

How should the nurse respond to a parent who asks,"How can I protect my baby from whooping cough?"

Accepted Answer

A)   "Don't worry; your baby will have maternal immunity to pertussis that will last until approximately 18 months old."
B)   "Make sure your child gets the pertussis vaccine."
C)   "See the doctor when the baby gets a respiratory infection."
D)   "Have your pediatrician prescribe erythromycin." B

Question 4

What should be included in health teaching to prevent Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Complete the immunization series in early infancy.
B)   Use insect repellant with DEET in heavily wooded areas.
C)   Give low-dose antibiotics to the child before exposure.
D)   Restrict activities that might lead to exposure for the child.

Question 5

Which statement indicates that a father understands the treatment for his child who has scarlet fever?

Accepted Answer

A)   "I can stop the medicine when my child feels better."
B)   "I will apply antibiotic cream to her rash twice a day."
C)   "I will give the penicillin for the full 10 days."
D)   "My child can go back to school after 7 days of antibiotics."

Question 6

Which STD should the nurse suspect when an adolescent girl comes to the clinic because she has a vaginal discharge that is white with a fishy smell?

Accepted Answer

A)   Human papillomavirus
B)   Bacterial vaginosis
C)   Trichomonas
D)   Chlamydia

Question 7

The nurse in the pediatric clinic is caring for a child and assesses this skin rash.What action by the nurse is best?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inform parents the child will be contagious for one week.
B)   Arrange for immediate hospitalization and IV antibiotics.
C)   Instruct parents to offer the child a soft, bland diet.
D)   Advise parents the child can maintain normal activities.

Question 8

Parents report their 3-year-old child appears restless at night and frequently scratches her anal area.What action by the nurse is best?

Accepted Answer

A)   Educate parents on the cellophane tape test.
B)   Review hygiene practices with the parents.
C)   Suggest the child sleep only in pajama tops.
D)   Ask parents to bring in a stool sample.

Question 9

The nurse should provide which information to parents about preventing parasitic infections? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Perform good handwashing.
B)   Diaper a child when swimming.
C)   Avoid cleaning the bathroom facilities with bleach.
D)   Shoes should be worn outside.
E)   Fruits and vegetables should be washed before eating.

Question 10

Which statement made by a parent about intervention for a child's fever shows the need for further education?

Accepted Answer

A)   "I should keep her covered lightly when she has a fever."
B)   "I'll give her plenty of liquids to keep her hydrated."
C)   "I can give her acetaminophen for a fever."
D)   "I'll look for over-the-counter aspirin or ibuprofen."

Question 11

A nurse is conducting a health education class for a group of school-age children.Which statement made by the nurse is correct about the body's first line of defense against infection in the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nutritional status
B)   Skin integrity
C)   Immunization status
D)   Proper hygiene practices

Question 12

What should be included in the care for a neonate who was diagnosed with pertussis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Monitoring hemoglobin level
B)   Hearing test before discharge
C)   Serial platelet counts
D)   Prophylactic antibiotics for all close contacts

Question 13

A child taking oral corticosteroids for asthma is exposed to varicella.The child has not had the varicella vaccine and has never had the disease.What intervention should be taken to prevent varicella from developing?

Accepted Answer

A)   No intervention is needed unless varicella develops.
B)   Administer the varicella vaccine as soon as possible.
C)   The child should begin a course of oral antibiotics.
D)   The child should be prescribed acyclovir.

Question 14

Which statement made by an adolescent girl indicates an understanding about the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)?

Accepted Answer

A)   "I know the only way to prevent STDs is to not be sexually active."
B)   "I practice safe sex because I wash myself right after sex."
C)   "I won't get any kind of STD because I take the pill."
D)   "I only have sex if my boyfriend wears a condom."

Question 15

The mother of an infant with multiple anomalies tells the nurse that she had a viral infection in the beginning of her pregnancy.Which viral infection is associated with fetal anomalies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Measles
B)   Roseola
C)   Rubella
D)   Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Question 16

A hospitalized child has developed a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)infection.The nurse plans which interventions when caring for this child? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Airborne isolation
B)   Administration of vancomycin
C)   Contact isolation
D)   Administration of mupirocin ointment to the nares if colonized
E)   Administration of cefotaxime (Cefotetan)

Question 17

Which intervention is appropriate for a hospitalized child who has crops of lesions on the trunk that appear as a macular rash and vesicles?

Accepted Answer

A)   Place the child in strict isolation with airborne and contact precautions.
B)   Continue to practice Standard Precautions.
C)   Pregnant women should avoid contact with the child.
D)   Screen visitors for immunity to measles.

Question 18

What should the nurse expect to observe in the prodromal phase of rubeola?

Accepted Answer

A)   Macular rash on the face
B)   Koplik spots
C)   Petechiae on the soft palate
D)   Crops of vesicles on the trunk

Question 19

A preschooler is diagnosed with helminths.The child's mother is very upset and wants to know how her child could have contracted this illness.After obtaining a detailed history,the nurse identifies all possible transmission modes.What do they include? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)   Playing in the backyard sandbox
B)   Not washing hands before eating
C)   Placing hands in the mouth and nail biting
D)   Skin-to-skin contact with other children
E)   Scratches from a neighborhood cat

Question 20

Which action is initiated when a child has been scratched by a potentially rabid animal?

Accepted Answer

A)   No intervention unless the child becomes symptomatic
B)   Administration of immune globulin around the wound
C)   Administration of rabies vaccine on days 3, 7, 14, and 28
D)   Administration of both immune globulin and vaccine as soon as possible after exposure

Exam 41: The Child with an Infectious Disease