Question 1

Lizzie is a freshman in college who needs to declare her major.She is interested in history,psychology,medicine,and law.As she thinks about each of these potential majors,she considers both the positive and negative aspects of each,which cause her to go back and forth in her decision.Lizzie is experiencing a(n)________ conflict.

Accepted Answer

A) double approach-avoidance 
B) avoidance-avoidance 
C) approach-approach 
D) multiple approach-avoidance

Question 2

According to research discussed in your textbook,becoming a more optimistic thinker begins with:

Accepted Answer

A) monitoring your own thinking. 
B) focusing on developing a Type A personality. 
C) suppressing parasympathetic nervous responses. 
D) enhancing the use of ego defense mechanisms.

Question 3

Stress has been shown to put people at a higher risk for ________.

Accepted Answer

A) unplanned pregnancy 
B) heart attack and stroke 
C) promotions at work 
D) schizophrenia

Question 4

Researchers conducted a study to determine the effects of stress on the immune system by measuring immune system chemicals.To accomplish this goal,they compared college students who were undergoing a stressful series of exams to a group of similar students relaxing during a time of no classes and no exams.The results of this study indicate that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the exam group tested higher for immune system chemicals 
B) the exam group tested lower for immune system chemicals 
C) the relaxed group tested lower for immune system chemicals 
D) the relaxed group showed no change over the course of the study

Question 5

All of the following are sources of stress EXCEPT________.

Accepted Answer

A) pressure 
B) frustration 
C) uncontrollability 
D) aggression

Question 6

Pepe moved from Argentina to France.He chose not to learn to speak and write French,continues to maintain his old culture's styles of dress and customs,and lives in a neighborhood where only people from Argentina live.Pepe has used which method of entering the majority culture?

Accepted Answer

A) integration 
B) assimilation 
C) separation 
D) marginalization

Question 7

Desiring to purchase a book and finding that it is out of stock is an example of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

A) external frustration 
B) internal conflict 
C) external conflict 
D) internal frustration

Question 8

Miranda is questioning whether her upcoming business trip,where she must travel through an area with many mountains,will pose a danger for her.As such,this example illustrates ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a stress reaction 
B) coping 
C) primary appraisal 
D) secondary appraisal

Question 9

A person who thrives on stress but lacks the anger and hostility typical of some others who have the Type A personality is said to have a ________ personality.

Accepted Answer

A) Type C 
B) Type B 
C) hardy 
D) optimistic

Question 10

Once seated at his favorite restaurant,Malik was torn between ordering a turkey sandwich and ordering a plate of lasagna.He loves both equally,and is struggling to make a choice.Malik is experiencing an avoidance-avoidance conflict.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Concentrative meditation emphasizes focusing on a spot on the wall as a means of clearing the mind and relaxing the body.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and ________.

Accepted Answer

A) colds and headaches 
B) cancer and heart disease 
C) hypertension and obesity 
D) heart disease and schizophrenia

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding Berkowitz's frustration-aggression hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Frustration creates an internal readiness to aggress. 
B) Aggression will not follow frustration unless certain external cues are present. 
C) Frustration does not always lead to aggression. 
D) Frustration always leads to aggression.

Question 14

________ is the term used to describe the physical,emotional,cognitive,and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

Accepted Answer

A) Stress 
B) Burnout 
C) Dysphoria 
D) Distress

Question 15

In a(n)________ conflict,a person must choose between two desirable goals.

Accepted Answer

A) approach-avoidance 
B) avoidance-avoidance 
C) approach-approach 
D) double approach-avoidance

Question 16

Tad seems to thrive when faced with difficult challenges and usually feels in control of his life.He would probably be labeled a ________ personality.

Accepted Answer

A) stressed 
B) Type B 
C) Type C 
D) hardy

Question 17

Gloria is a tax accountant who is very busy from January to April 15,which is the tax return filing deadline.She feels that she must work very long hours during this time to meet the April 15 deadline for all of her clients.Gloria is experiencing ________.

Accepted Answer

A) anxiety 
B) pressure 
C) frustration 
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 18

Kirima has earned her doctorate in health psychology.Which of the following research questions might she be most likely to investigate?

Accepted Answer

A) Why are college students more prone to doing drugs when they take harder classes? 
B) What is the relationship between one's ethnicity and their political affiliation? 
C) Are men or women better drivers? 
D) What is the relationship between a person's age and the number of years it takes them to get an undergraduate degree?

Question 19

Imagine that you have just flunked a class.You evaluate this situation and decide that flunking a class is stressful and important enough to be upset about.Next,you decide to repeat the class in summer school.You have made ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a primary appraisal only 
B) both a primary and a secondary appraisal 
C) a stress-related decision 
D) a hassle-related decision

Question 20

Which of the following is the most stressful of all conflicts,causing many people to go back and forth between one decision and the other,or be unable to decide for or against the event?

Accepted Answer

A) approach-avoidance 
B) avoidance-avoidance 
C) approach-approach 
D) incompatible demands

Exam 11: Theories of Personality