Question 1

Which of the following is the strategy that Arctic ground squirrels use to survive in the tundra?

Accepted Answer

A)  They nearly double their body weight by depositing large quantities of fat during summer.
B)  They nearly triple their body weight by depositing large quantities of fat during summer.
C)  Their reproductive season is extremely long and pregnancy occurs slowly.
D)  Their reproductive season is extremely short and pregnancy occurs slowly. A

Question 2

What are the two steps in understanding adaptation and why are they important?

Accepted Answer

Understanding how basic physiological processes have evolved is a first step in understanding adaptation. The second step is understanding how these basic physiological systems can further evolve to deal with extreme demands. This knowledge is essential for an understanding of habitat selection and range distribution in any species.

Question 3

What is our ability to design conservation measures to protect species threatened by environmental change based on and why?

Accepted Answer

Our ability to design conservation measures to protect species threatened by environmental change is based on our understanding of these physiological processes and their constraints. This understanding determines our ability to predict the consequences of environmental change on a species' survival and of the measures that will or will not be beneficial as conservation policy. The adaptations that allow organisms to inhabit unusual environments generally come at the cost of restricting their ability to inhabit others. Understanding biodiversity and species distribution ultimately require an understanding of organisms' overall physiology.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly describes the oxygen affinity among the compared animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hemoglobin of the Bar-Headed Goose has a lower oxygen-affinity than that of its lower-altitude relatives, and its affinity for oxygen is lowered relative to most mammals.
B)  The hemoglobin of the Bar-Headed Goose has a greater oxygen-affinity than that of its lower-altitude relatives, but its affinity for oxygen is lowered relative to most mammals.
C)  The hemoglobin of the Bar-Headed Goose has a lower oxygen-affinity than that of its lower-altitude relatives, but its affinity for oxygen is not enhanced relative to most mammals.
D)  The hemoglobin of the Bar-Headed Goose has a greater oxygen-affinity than that of its lower-altitude relatives, but its affinity for oxygen is not enhanced relative to most mammals.

Question 5

In the Fraser Boxes, many of the coho salmon recovered so quickly that they began to struggle and attempt to escape, restressing themselves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What do components of comparative, ecological, and evolutionary physiology examine?

Accepted Answer

A)  morphology
B)  ecology
C)  evolution
D)  plasticity

Question 7

Which of the following is considered essential for understanding adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  understanding how basic genetic processes have evolved and how these basic genetic systems can further evolve to deal with extreme demands
B)  understanding how basic reproductive processes have evolved and how these basic reproductive systems can further evolve to deal with extreme demands
C)  understanding how basic physiological processes have evolved and how these basic physiological systems can further evolve to deal with extreme demands
D)  understanding how basic morphological characteristics have evolved and how these basic morphological systems can further evolve to deal with extreme demands

Question 8

Which of the following is the way that female Artemia reproduce when their environment is stable?

Accepted Answer

A)  They produce free-swimming larvae called nauplii via live birth from internal eggs.
B)  They produce non-swimming larvae called nauplii via live birth from internal eggs.
C)  They produce free-swimming larvae called nauplii via live birth from external eggs.
D)  They produce non-swimming larvae called nauplii via live birth from external eggs.

Question 9

Which of the following is the main feature that allows adaptation at the individual level to extreme life in Artemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability of female Artemia to sense the temperature of their environment
B)  the ability of female Artemia to sense the salinity of their environment
C)  the ability of male Artemia to sense the stability of their environment
D)  the ability of female Artemia to sense the stability of their environment

Question 10

Stress proteins are found to play protective role in Artemia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Brine shrimp live in hypersaline environments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is the main adaptation to extreme life that Artemia experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  their variation in physiology and reproductive mode
B)  their variation in life history traits and reproductive mode
C)  their variation in life history traits and feeding mode
D)  their variation in physiology and feeding mode

Question 13

Both nauplii and adult brine shrimp are osmoconformers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Why is optimization of biological processes not realized?

Accepted Answer

A)  because of phylogenetic constraints, and the fact that most biochemical, morphological, and physiological systems have multiple functions
B)  because of phylogenetic constraints, and the fact that most biochemical and morphological systems have multiple functions
C)  because of phylogenetic constraints, and the fact that most biochemical and physiological systems have multiple functions
D)  because of phylogenetic constraints, and the fact that most morphological and physiological systems have multiple functions

Question 15

Some physiological and morphological adaptations appear to have evolved independently many times, while others appear to have evolved only once. Which of the following is an example of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air breathing in humans has arisen independently multiple times, while an amniotic egg has evolved just once.
B)  Air breathing in amphibians has arisen independently multiple times, while an amniotic egg has evolved just once.
C)  Air breathing in fishes has arisen independently multiple times, while an amniotic egg has evolved just once.
D)  Air breathing in birds has arisen just once, while an amniotic egg has evolved multiple times.

Question 16

What is conservation physiology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is conservation physiology?...

Question 17

Where do hypersaline lakes form?

Accepted Answer

A)  in tropical and subtropical regions where water is highly acidic
B)  in tropical and subtropical regions where high evaporation rates are common
C)  in tropical and subtropical regions where water is highly alkaline
D)  in any area on Earth

Question 18

What strategies do plants use to capture phosphorus from phosphorus-poor soils?

Accepted Answer

A)  They engage in symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi.
B)  They engage in symbiosis with bacteria.
C)  They engage in symbiosis with other plants having the same problem.
D)  They engage in symbiosis with insects.

Question 19

Nauplii are produced via ovoviviparity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Cluster roots help plants to obtain nitrogen.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 52: Conservation and Evolutionary Physiology

Which of the following is the strategy that Arctic ground squirrels use to survive in the tundra?

What are the two steps in understanding adaptation and why are they important?

What is our ability to design conservation measures to protect species threatened by environmental change based on and why?

Which of the following correctly describes the oxygen affinity among the compared animals?

In the Fraser Boxes, many of the coho salmon recovered so quickly that they began to struggle and attempt to escape, restressing themselves.

What do components of comparative, ecological, and evolutionary physiology examine?

Which of the following is considered essential for understanding adaptation?

Which of the following is the way that female Artemia reproduce when their environment is stable?

Which of the following is the main feature that allows adaptation at the individual level to extreme life in Artemia?

Stress proteins are found to play protective role in Artemia.

Brine shrimp live in hypersaline environments.

Which of the following is the main adaptation to extreme life that Artemia experience?

Both nauplii and adult brine shrimp are osmoconformers.

Why is optimization of biological processes not realized?

Some physiological and morphological adaptations appear to have evolved independently many times, while others appear to have evolved only once. Which of the following is an example of this?

What is conservation physiology?

Where do hypersaline lakes form?

What strategies do plants use to capture phosphorus from phosphorus-poor soils?

Nauplii are produced via ovoviviparity.

Cluster roots help plants to obtain nitrogen.