Question 1

Penny wanted to find out how long it would take her sister Cathy to press a button when she hears a tone.Penny is studying what type of process?

Accepted Answer

A) classical conditioning 
B) introspection 
C) reaction time 
D) stimulus time

Question 2

The American Psychological Association was originally made up of academic psychologists;today nearly _____% of its members work in clinical and health-related settings.

Accepted Answer

A) 90 
B) 70 
C) 40 
D) 10

Question 3

Psychologists and other mental health professionals working in outpatient clinics are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A) doctors. 
B) psychiatrists. 
C) social workers. 
D) clinicians.

Question 4

Jorge is in the middle of a divorce and is experiencing stress associated with this period of adjustment.Jorge should probably seek help from a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) psychiatrist. 
B) organizational psychologist. 
C) health psychologist. 
D) counseling psychologist.

Question 5

Watson criticized the introspective methods of the structuralists and functionalists primarily because:

Accepted Answer

A) the use of these methods necessitated a belief in the existence of mental events. 
B) introspection cannot produce replicable and objective measures required by science. 
C) the stimulus-response introspective model was overly simplistic. 
D) reaction time was an unreliable dependent measure.

Question 6

The older position of nativism is reflected in psychological views that emphasize the effect of _____ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) nurture 
B) intuition 
C) schemas 
D) nature

Question 7

The American Psychological Association was formed at a meeting called by:

Accepted Answer

A) Wilhelm Wundt. 
B) G.Stanley Hall. 
C) Sigmund Freud. 
D) Edward Titchener.

Question 8

_____ was the FIRST to measure the speed of a nervous impulse.

Accepted Answer

A) Hermann von Helmholtz 
B) Paul Broca 
C) Wilhelm Wundt 
D) Pierre Flourens

Question 9

Freud termed the _____ as the part of the mind that operates outside of conscious awareness but influences conscious thoughts,feelings,and actions.

Accepted Answer

A) preconscious 
B) unconscious 
C) self-conscious 
D) subconscious

Question 10

Edward Titchener is known for:

Accepted Answer

A) establishing structuralism in the United States. 
B) writing a devastating critique of the behaviorist works of B.F.Skinner. 
C) establishing the functionalist concentration within psychology. 
D) writing the first book on physiological psychology.

Question 11

We can only work with about seven pieces of information in memory at any given time.This limit was discovered by which pioneer of memory research?

Accepted Answer

A) George Miller 
B) Frederic Bartlett 
C) Donald Broadbent 
D) Noam Chomsky

Question 12

Wundt believed that scientific psychology should focus on analyzing:

Accepted Answer

A) decision making. 
B) observable behavior. 
C) consciousness. 
D) brain functioning.

Question 13

Hector doesn't believe that mental processes can be studied scientifically because they are too subjective.Rather,psychological studies that constrain themselves only to what people actually do appeal to him.Hector's views are consistent with which approach?

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalysis 
B) structuralism 
C) functionalism 
D) behaviorism

Question 14

Carrie is working with a patient to uncover the patient's early experiences as well as trying to bring unconscious anxieties and conflicts into awareness.Carrie is using which approach to work with her patient?

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) psychoanalytic 
C) Gestalt 
D) humanistic

Question 15

Sandy's children would accidentally drop pieces of food under the table during family dinners,so Sandy's dog,Lola,learned to sit under the dinner table as a good place to receive food.Lola's behavior has been influenced by:

Accepted Answer

A) consciousness. 
B) reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) reaction time.

Question 16

The early roots of psychology are firmly planted in physiology and in:

Accepted Answer

A) anatomy. 
B) logic. 
C) dualism. 
D) philosophy.

Question 17

William James is to _____ as John Watson is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Charles Darwin;Ivan Pavlov 
B) Wilhelm Wundt;B.F.Skinner 
C) Edward Titchener;Rosalie Rayner 
D) B.F.Skinner;Margaret Floy Washburn

Question 18

Dr.Rivera believes that psychological disorders arise largely from unconscious processes.In his work with clients,he tries to pull repressed memories out of the unconscious and into the light of day where they can be resolved.Dr.Gomez adopts a _____ approach to therapy.

Accepted Answer

A) cognitive 
B) Gestalt 
C) psychoanalytic 
D) humanistic

Question 19

Rats are more likely to form a smell-sickness association than a light-sickness association,suggesting that rats have:

Accepted Answer

A) an inability to associate a light with any consequence. 
B) evolved to not associate lights with smell. 
C) learned some associations more easily than others because of natural selection. 
D) evolved to easily associate sickness with any stimulus in their environment.

Question 20

The theory that emphasizes the importance of unconscious mental processes in shaping feelings,thoughts,and behaviors is called:

Accepted Answer

A) Gestalt theory. 
B) structuralism. 
C) functionalism. 
D) psychoanalytic theory.

Exam 1: Evolution of Psychological Science-Part A