Question 1

How did the accoutrements of the Plains Indian warrior identify him?

Accepted Answer

The pipe, robe, necklace, and feather decorations were shorthand symbols, if you will, which allowed others within the community and outside the community to see and understand his various connections to societies and his accomplishments. For example, the concentric circle seen on the shoulder of Two Ravens (Bodmer portrait) is a symbol for the war bonnet. Only proven warriors with combat experience were allowed to wear the war bonnet and have the "symbol" as part of their clothing.

Question 2

Which of the following masks would be used during the Kwakwaka'wakw winter ceremonial season?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transformation mask
B)   Wolverine mask
C)   Lion mask
D)   Jaguar mask A

Question 3

Contrast the masks of Eskimo with the Katsinas of the Hopi. Consider the functionality of the objects and their respective environments.

Accepted Answer

The masks of the Eskimo and the Katsinas of the Hopi serve different functions and are used in different environments.

The masks of the Eskimo are primarily used for ceremonial and spiritual purposes. They are often used in rituals and dances to connect with the spirit world, to communicate with ancestors, and to seek guidance and protection. The masks are intricately carved and often depict animals, spirits, and mythical beings that hold significance in Eskimo culture. They are used in the cold and harsh environment of the Arctic, where the Eskimo people rely on hunting and fishing for their survival. The masks play a crucial role in maintaining the spiritual and cultural traditions of the Eskimo people.

On the other hand, the Katsinas of the Hopi are used in religious ceremonies and rituals to represent ancestral spirits. The Katsinas are believed to visit the Hopi people during the winter months, bringing blessings and teachings. The masks are worn by dancers who embody the spirits of the Katsinas, and they are used to educate and guide the community. The masks are brightly colored and often depict natural elements and animals that are important in Hopi mythology. The ceremonies take place in the arid and desert environment of the American Southwest, where the Hopi people have lived for centuries.

In summary, the masks of the Eskimo and the Katsinas of the Hopi serve different functions and are used in different cultural and environmental contexts. While both are important for spiritual and ceremonial purposes, they reflect the unique traditions and beliefs of their respective indigenous cultures.

Question 4

Plains peoples' shield paintings were often based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Myths
B)   Family histories
C)   Legends
D)   Personal religious visions

Question 5

What type of object is this. and how does it deviate from earlier examples?

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

What do paired hands on Eskimo masks represent?

Accepted Answer

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Question 7

What is the origin of Hopi Katsinas?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

How do Haida totem poles represent clan history?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Which of the following animals represented Inka royal power in art?

Accepted Answer

A)   Anaconda
B)   Eagle
C)   Puma
D)   Vulture

Question 10

Who are represented, and how are they significant?

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

How does the disk of Coyolxauhqui describe the Aztec psyche?

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

How does the puma factor into the description of the Inka city of Cuzco?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

In the myth of Coyolxauhqui, sister of Huitzilopochtli, her brother murders her. What is the significance of her murder?

Accepted Answer

A)   Huitzilopochtli's triumph as the sun over the moon
B)   Huitzilopochtli's triumph as the god of war
C)   Huitzilopochtli's triumph over the forces of the Maya
D)   Huitzilopochtli's triumph as the sole god of the Aztecs

Question 14

How is the masking tradition of the Yupik unique?

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

The Northwest Coast Indians had a rich and reliable environment. They developed a large and varied repertory of symbols and objects. Which of the following also developed as a result of this environment?

Accepted Answer

A)   A class of professional artists
B)   Part-time artists
C)   A tradition for exploration
D)   A tradition for nonviolence

Question 16

Evaluate the impact of European contact on the native arts of the United States. Consider the social implications and the changes that occurred as a result of the contact. Use specific examples to support your essay.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

The Northwest Coast Indians used masks for which of the following types of ceremonies?

Accepted Answer

A)   Male initiation rituals
B)   Female initiation rituals
C)   Healing rituals
D)   Soothing arguments between daughters-in-law and mothers-in-law

Question 18

Why were agricultural deities important to the Southwest Indians?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Contrast the architecture and the role it played in Aztec and Inka societies. How did it reflect the nature and character of each group? Use examples to support your essay.

Accepted Answer

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Question 20

Explain the role of agricultural deities in Southwest culture. How did these deities impact artistic production and society in general? Use examples to support your essay.

Accepted Answer

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Exam 35: Native Arts of the Americas, 1300 to 1980