Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an example of evidence for common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

A)   the high degree of overlap between the genome of birds and crocodiles
B)   the close relationship in genomes between whales and hippos
C)   the high degree of similarity in bone structure across mammals
D)   evidence showing that man is highly unique compared to other apes D

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of how scientists may watch the process of evolution unfolding?

Accepted Answer

A)   changes in the body armor of the Lake Washington stickleback
B)   fossil evidence discovered by archeologists
C)   laboratory experiments with the crystal jellyfish
D)   both a and c D

Question 3

If intelligence were 100% inheritable, then monozygotic twins should show __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   similar but not identical intelligence
B)   identical intelligence
C)   highly individualized intelligences
D)   somewhat related but not highly related intelligence B

Question 4

According to your textbook, men tend to be jealous about __________ loyalty, while women tend to be jealous about __________ loyalty.

Accepted Answer

A)   sexual; emotional
B)   emotional; sexual
C)   financial; romantic
D)   romantic; financial

Question 5

A gene is said to be recessive. What is the likelihood that the trait controlled by that gene will be expressed?

Accepted Answer

A)   The trait has a high likelihood of being expressed.
B)   The trait will absolutely be expressed.
C)   The trait will be expressed only if the paired gene is identical.
D)   The trait cannot be expressed.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a subunit of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   guanine
B)   cytosine
C)   nadenine
D)   thymine

Question 7

What conclusions can be made regarding the ultimate causes of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Intelligence evolved because it allows humans a high degree of flexible behavior.
B)   Intelligence evolved because it helps humans have a high degree of consistency in their behavior.
C)   Intelligence evolved because animals that are smarter also tend to have better genes for survival.
D)   There is no evidence that intelligence is an evolved behavior.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a modern scientific advancement that emerged from applications of evolutionary theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   explaining why some individuals do not respond well to antidepressant medication
B)   explaining why some individuals have difficulty with reasoning problems while others do not
C)   explaining why men and women may react differently to a partner's sexual infidelity
D)   explaining how IQ is directly inherited

Question 9

Which of the following human cells contain 23 rather than 46 chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)   egg cells
B)   sperm cells
C)   both egg and sperm cells
D)   none of the above; all cells contain 46 chromosomes

Question 10

Many women would agree that Bill Gates, the found of Microsoft, is not necessarily physically attractive, yet many women report they would marry him. Which of the following evolutionary tendencies may be at play here?

Accepted Answer

A)   the tendency to prefer muscular and strong men
B)   the tendency to choose mates who have a high social status
C)   the tendency to choose mates who are slighter younger
D)   the tendency to choose mates most like themselves

Question 11

Phenotype refers to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the specific genes of an organism
B)   the way an organism looks
C)   the specific location of a gene
D)   the specific way a gene interacts with the environment

Question 12

Phenylketonuria __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   is the result of a single recessive gene pairing
B)   may result in mental retardation
C)   results in the inability to metabolize phenylalanine
D)   all of the above

Question 13

In nonhumans, what is a common function of the social smile?

Accepted Answer

A)   aggression
B)   diffusing or avoiding a conflict
C)   indication of pleasure
D)   all of the above

Question 14

Data from the experiments conducted on the New Guinea tribe suggest that the expression of emotions is likely to be __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   innate
B)   learned
C)   culturally specific
D)   unknown in New Guinea tribesmen

Question 15

Data indicate that men are more likely to adopt a child who __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   look like their mate
B)   look like them
C)   is judged as highly beautiful
D)   is male

Question 16

According to work by Daly and Wilson, under which circumstances is a child most likely to experience abuse or even infanticide at the hands of a caregiver?

Accepted Answer

A)   a child residing with his or her biological father
B)   a child residing with his or her biological mother and biological father
C)   a child residing with a biological mother and an unrelated stepfather or boyfriend
D)   none of the above; biological relatedness does not predict abuse

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a reason for variation in genotypes?

Accepted Answer

A)   the enormous size of an organism's genome
B)   lack of uniformity across individual organisms within a species
C)   mutations
D)   experiences of an individual organism

Question 18

Why does natural selection favor flexibility in behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Species evolve in highly changing environments.
B)   Animals should be able to behave randomly to keep predators guessing about their behavior.
C)   Animals should behave in highly flexible ways so that they increase the chance of emitting the best behavior in the environmental situation.
D)   Both a and b.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT one of Darwin's three principles of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)   There must be variation among individuals within a population.
B)   Certain of the variants must survive and reproduce at higher rates than others.
C)   Traits associated with superior survival and reproduction must be passed from parents to offspring.
D)   In all populations, only the best fit of individuals survives and reproduces.

Question 20

For what reasons do burrowing owls collect animal dung and put it around their nests?

Accepted Answer

A)   to repel predators
B)   to attract dung beetles, which provide food while nesting
C)   both to attract predators and to have extra food
D)   The reason is unknown; scientists have been unable to determine the function.

Exam 2: Evolutionary and Genetic Influences on Behavior