Question 1

What are the four categories of gender role identity as defined by Bem?

Accepted Answer

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Question 2

Carolina tries to behave well so that she can avoid being punished for anything.She is also polite and friendly so that everyone will like her.Carolina is most likely at which level of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Preconventional morality 
B) Principled morality 
C) Naive hedonism 
D) Conventional morality

Question 3

Maria's father is from Mexico and her mother is Caucasian and was born in North Dakota.Maria's father expects Maria to listen to traditional Mexican music,dress conservatively,and attend mass every Sunday.This would be an example of which of the following according to Root's research?

Accepted Answer

A) Biracial conflict 
B) Establishing a biracial identity 
C) Proving authenticity 
D) Establishing peer acceptance

Question 4

A clique is made up of between ___ and ___ young people who appear to be strongly attached to one another.

Accepted Answer

A) 2;3 
B) 4;6 
C) 5;10 
D) 10;15

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true regarding teenagers as they progress through adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A) Their self-concepts become more concrete. 
B) Their self-concepts are increasingly tied to their physical characteristics. 
C) They increasingly define themselves in terms of enduring traits,beliefs,moral standards,or personal philosophies. 
D) They are increasingly dependent on their parents for their identity.

Question 6

The rules or norms of a group to which the individual belongs,such as the family,peer group,or religion,become the basis of moral judgments during which level of Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A) Conventional morality 
B) Punishment and obedience orientation 
C) Naive hedonism 
D) Social contract orientation

Question 7

Which of the following terms describes antisocial behavior that includes law-breaking?

Accepted Answer

A) Juvenile behavior 
B) Delinquency 
C) Acting out 
D) Role-taking

Question 8

How do peer groups change their structure across the years of adolescence? How do cliques and crowds differ?

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Which of the following is most consistent with the concept of a crisis as defined by James Marcia?

Accepted Answer

A) When Imani failed her calculus test,her parents grounded her for two weeks and imposed a requirement of two hours of supervised study every school night until the next exam. 
B) Since she was a child,Lila had planned to become a physician when she grew up.Recently,however,she has become very interested in physics,and now she is evaluating related career options such as engineering. 
C) Torrential rains in the Midwest caused major flooding,and thousands of people were displaced from their homes and lost their possessions and livelihoods. 
D) For the past two years,Juan has had thoughts of suicide,and recently he was diagnosed with depressive disorder.

Question 10

According to James Marcia,a person who has examined her values and choices,and who has committed to a specific role,value,or ideology is in which stage of identity status?

Accepted Answer

A) Achievement 
B) Diffusion 
C) Foreclosure 
D) Moratorium

Question 11

List four different gender role identities identified by Bem.Give an example of a traditional gender role identity and an example of a nontraditional gender role identity.Explain how these roles affect self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

At the preconventional stage of Kohlberg's levels of moral development,a child's moral reasoning is based on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Internal expectations of what is considered fair 
B) The expectations of others regarding the child's behavior 
C) The outcome or consequences of an action 
D) Internalized values and principles

Question 13

Hippies,cowboys,nerds,geeks,and preppies are all terms that might be used to describe which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Cliques 
B) Peer groups 
C) Crowds 
D) Clubs

Question 14

More recent theorists have elaborated on Erikson's definition to include which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Understanding one's unique characteristics and how they are manifested across ages,situations,and social roles 
B) The application of social roles as they are manifested in one's personality 
C) The addition of morals and values to one's identity 
D) Understanding the importance of birth order to understand individual identity

Question 15

Which of the following statements best summarizes the success of programs designed to deter delinquent behavior in adolescents?

Accepted Answer

A) The programs introduced prior to the 1990s prove to be the most successful. 
B) Most programs introduced in the 20th century were not successful,but in the 21st century significant progress is being made. 
C) As of 2003,most of these programs have been discontinued. 
D) As of 2003,most of these programs have not been successful.

Question 16

Which of the following is the best example of a clique,as described by Dunphy?

Accepted Answer

A) Kwame and Mahmoud have been best friends since they played on the same soccer team in fifth grade. 
B) Helena and Raoul have been dating since they were 15,and now they are thinking of marrying. 
C) The Detroit City basketball team won the state championship by setting team goals,playing unselfishly,and practicing every day. 
D) Bobby,Mike,George,and Derrick have shared good and bad times in each other's lives since they were 12 years old.

Question 17

Deficits in role-taking skills may lead to what type of behavior in adolescence?

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

What is the relative importance of parental support and peer support to most adolescents?

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Which of the following statements about Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Among non-industrialized or agricultural societies,the most frequently displayed form of moral reasoning is the universal ethical principles orientation. 
B) Most researchers disagree that the stages of moral reasoning occur in the sequence Kohlberg proposed. 
C) Researchers find that,in all cultures,older children engage in higher stages of moral reasoning than younger children. 
D) Conventional reasoning dominates in elementary school,and among adults,postconventional reasoning is common.

Question 20

According to your text,which of the following is one of the contributors to interpersonal loyalty,intimacy,and faithfulness within friendships during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormonal changes 
B) Temperament 
C) Age 
D) Gender

Exam 12: Social and Personality Development in Adolescence