Question 1

Research on shyness in adults has found that the person who considers himself or herself to be "not shy" is rare.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

As discussed in the textbook,which area of the brain was highly activated when extraverted individuals were presented with happy faces?

Accepted Answer

A) Right amygdala 
B) Left amygdala 
C) Right frontal lobe 
D) Left frontal lobe

Question 3

A man doesn't remember fleeing a burning building when he was a child.In Freud's theory,this would be an example of the defense mechanism called regression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

When Gordon Allport said,"The same fire that melts the butter hardens the egg," what point was he trying to make?

Accepted Answer

A) the same stimuli can have different effects on different people. 
B) an individual's behaviour is influenced primarily by environmental conditions. 
C) a person's behaviour is rarely consistent in different settings. 
D) most personality theorists are in agreement.

Question 5

The fitness center is usually a relaxed place until the manager arrives.She is always tense and spends much of her time yelling at the workers.Soon everyone seems to be angry and on edge.Which term best characterizes this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) self-efficacy 
B) self-verification 
C) defensive pessimism 
D) reciprocal determinism

Question 6

According to the social intelligence theory of Nancy Cantor,people differ with respect to their choice of life goals,relevant knowledge,and strategies for implementing goals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What would be the most effective way to differentiate genetic and environmental effects on personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Study twin pairs,some of whom were raised together and some of whom were raised apart. 
B) Study monozygotic twins who were raised in the same family and who have never been apart. 
C) Study dizygotic twins who were raised in the same family and who have never been apart. 
D) Study non-twin siblings who were raised together,sharing the same family environment.

Question 8

In the theory of Carl Jung,the __________ unconscious is a part of an individual's unconscious that is inherited,evolutionarily developed,and common to all members of the species.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the theory of Carl Jung,the __________...

Question 9

When Theresa overhears a woman say that her husband has a lot of "libido," what does the woman likely mean?

Accepted Answer

A) He is extraverted. 
B) He is aggressive. 
C) He has a strong sex drive. 
D) His superego is repressed.

Question 10

In Freud's theory,the __________ is the aspect of personality that represents the internalization of society's values,standards,and morals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Freud's theory,the __________ is the aspect...

Question 11

In what different ways can personality be assessed? Discuss objective and projective methods of assessing personality and the benefits of each.What criticisms have been directed toward each type of assessment?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what different ways can personality be...

Question 12

__________ are people who are publicly outgoing but privately shy.They have good __________ but doubt that others really like or respect them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ are people who are publicly outgoing...

Question 13

How well do traits predict behaviours? How does the situation influence consistency for traits?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How well do traits predict behaviours? How...

Question 14

Collectivist cultures emphasize individuals' needs and encourage independent construals of self.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What concept is Freud's most important contribution to the science of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious processes. 
B) the manifest content of behaviour. 
C) Freudian slips. 
D) inferiority.

Question 16

In modern times,William Sheldon originated a type theory of personality based on __________ and Frank Sulloway proposed a type theory based on __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In modern times,William Sheldon originated a type...

Question 17

Endomorphic,mesomorphic,and ectomorphic are categories of a personality type theory based on body builds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A student spends much time socializing with friends instead of studying for an important exam because he is afraid to find out whether he has what it takes to pass the exam.Which term best characterizes this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) the consistency paradox. 
B) self-handicapping behaviour. 
C) self-efficacy. 
D) fixation.

Question 19

A researcher is looking for a test that has an extensive archival record of more than fifty years that also has standardized items that he can analyze to test hypotheses about self-efficacy,a psychological construct that did not exist when the test was first developed.Which test should the researcher be encouraged to use?

Accepted Answer

A) Woodworth Personal Data Sheet. 
B) NEO Personality Inventory. 
C) Big Five Questionnaire. 
D) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2.

Question 20

As described in the textbook,researchers explored the conditions under which girls aged 9-11 years were most likely to use defense mechanisms.What did the researchers discover?

Accepted Answer

A) the unpopular girls used more defense mechanisms than the popular girls after an episode of peer rejection. 
B) the popular girls used more defense mechanisms than the unpopular girls,regardless of peer rejection 
C) the popular girls used rationalization more often than the unpopular girls. 
D) the popular girls used denial more often than the unpopular girls.

Exam 14: A: Understanding Human Personality

Research on shyness in adults has found that the person who considers himself or herself to be "not shy" is rare.

As discussed in the textbook,which area of the brain was highly activated when extraverted individuals were presented with happy faces?

A man doesn't remember fleeing a burning building when he was a child.In Freud's theory,this would be an example of the defense mechanism called regression.

When Gordon Allport said,"The same fire that melts the butter hardens the egg," what point was he trying to make?

The fitness center is usually a relaxed place until the manager arrives.She is always tense and spends much of her time yelling at the workers.Soon everyone seems to be angry and on edge.Which term best characterizes this scenario?

According to the social intelligence theory of Nancy Cantor,people differ with respect to their choice of life goals,relevant knowledge,and strategies for implementing goals.

What would be the most effective way to differentiate genetic and environmental effects on personality?

In the theory of Carl Jung,the __________ unconscious is a part of an individual's unconscious that is inherited,evolutionarily developed,and common to all members of the species.

When Theresa overhears a woman say that her husband has a lot of "libido," what does the woman likely mean?

In Freud's theory,the __________ is the aspect of personality that represents the internalization of society's values,standards,and morals.

In what different ways can personality be assessed? Discuss objective and projective methods of assessing personality and the benefits of each.What criticisms have been directed toward each type of assessment?

are people who are publicly outgoing but privately shy.They have good but doubt that others really like or respect them.

How well do traits predict behaviours? How does the situation influence consistency for traits?

Collectivist cultures emphasize individuals' needs and encourage independent construals of self.

What concept is Freud's most important contribution to the science of psychology?

In modern times,William Sheldon originated a type theory of personality based on and Frank Sulloway proposed a type theory based on .

Endomorphic,mesomorphic,and ectomorphic are categories of a personality type theory based on body builds.

A student spends much time socializing with friends instead of studying for an important exam because he is afraid to find out whether he has what it takes to pass the exam.Which term best characterizes this scenario?

As described in the textbook,researchers explored the conditions under which girls aged 9-11 years were most likely to use defense mechanisms.What did the researchers discover?