Question 1

What were neurotic disorders,or neuroses,originally conceived to be?

Accepted Answer

A) relatively common psychological problems. 
B) extremely rare psychological problems. 
C) characterized by brain abnormalities. 
D) accompanied by irrational thinking and violation of basic norms.

Question 2

According to research,what is a common cause of dissociative disorders?

Accepted Answer

A) substance abuse at an early age. 
B) psychosexual conflict. 
C) physical abuse during childhood. 
D) social isolation and introversion.

Question 3

Imagine you have a clinical neuropsychologist,a psychoanalyst,a behavioural psychologist,a cognitive psychologist,and a sociocultural psychologist all discussing the causes of depression.How would each of these individuals explain the etiology of depression?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine you have a clinical neuropsychologist,a psychoanalyst,a...

Question 4

What type of information does Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR incorporate?

Accepted Answer

A) personality disorders. 
B) clinical disorders. 
C) general medical conditions. 
D) psychosocial problems.

Question 5

A man feels as though his life is like a rollercoaster.He goes through periods of severe depression that alternate with manic episodes.Which diagnosis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) dissociative disorder. 
B) undifferentiated schizophrenia. 
C) panic disorder. 
D) bipolar disorder.

Question 6

According to Susan Nolen-Hoeksema,when women experience sadness,they attempt to distract themselves from depressed feelings,whereas when men experience sadness,they tend to think about the possible causes and implications of their feelings.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What are the two categories of phobias defined by the DSM-IV-TR?

Accepted Answer

A) voluntary and involuntary. 
B) real and imagined. 
C) social and specific. 
D) global and natural.

Question 8

Explanatory style theory suggests that individuals who attribute failure to external,unstable,and specific causes are most vulnerable to depression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Although she knows it does not make sense and she dreads having to do so,a woman must count to a million before she gets out of bed.This takes her most of the day.Which diagnosis best captures this behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A) posttraumatic stress disorder. 
B) schizophrenia. 
C) a mood disorder. 
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Question 10

An individual who suffers from bipolar disorder is asked to name the colours in which words are printed while undergoing an fMRI scan.What type of activity would most likely be recorded in the caudal ventral prefrontal cortex (cVPFC)?

Accepted Answer

A) elevated activity. 
B) depressed activity. 
C) differences in brain activity dependent on the words being presented. 
D) differences in brain activity dependent on the moods being experienced.

Question 11

Increased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine have been linked to depression; reduced levels of these neurotransmitters have been associated with mania.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

What is the definition of comorbidity?

Accepted Answer

A) a disorder that is characterized by a fascination with death. 
B) the existence of more than one disorder in a person at the same time. 
C) a form of multiple personality disorder that is sometimes confused with schizophrenia. 
D) a disorder that is characterized by excessive,deep-sleep patterns.

Question 13

Although a woman has suffered from schizophrenia in the past,she currently seems to be free of most of the severe symptoms,although she still suffers from occasional minor symptoms.Which type of schizophrenia is being characterized?

Accepted Answer

A) paranoid 
B) undifferentiated 
C) disorganized 
D) residual

Question 14

In a study that is described in the textbook,researchers attempted to determine if there was a relationship between parenting practices and antisocial personality traits.What did the results of the study indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) improper parenting behaviours were directly responsible for antisocial personality traits. 
B) there was no relationship between parenting practices and antisocial personality traits. 
C) low levels of parental care were associated with high levels of antisocial personality traits. 
D) antisocial personality traits were associated with fathers who were overly protective.

Question 15

A study described in the textbook established an important relationship between genetic variations and life experiences in the etiology of depression.What did the results indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) Genetic differences in combination with negative life events greatly increase the likelihood that individuals will experience depression. 
B) Life events alone increase the likelihood that individuals will experience depression. 
C) Genetic variations alone increase the likelihood that individuals will experience depression. 
D) There is a negative correlation between the number of negative life events experienced and the incidence of depression.

Question 16

Some individuals have experienced more than one disorder simultaneously at some point in their lives,a phenomenon known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some individuals have experienced more than one...

Question 17

Which statement most accurately represents our understanding of the relationship between family factors and schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A) Deviant family patterns are a cause of schizophrenia. 
B) Deviant family patterns are a reaction to an individual's developing symptoms of schizophrenia. 
C) Deviant family patterns are both a cause of and a reaction to symptoms of schizophrenia. 
D) Family factors play an important role in the functioning of an individual after the symptoms of schizophrenia first appear.

Question 18

A lawyer is presenting an insanity case to the jury and in his argument,he states that the DSM-IV-TR defines insanity as a mental disorder with a genetic basis.What makes this lawyer's statement questionable?

Accepted Answer

A) Insanity is not defined in the DSM-IV-TR. 
B) Insanity is defined as behaviour that is agreed upon by professionals to be psychotic. 
C) Insanity is defined as behaviour that is rare,maladaptive,injurious to the self or others,and culturally unacceptable. 
D) Insanity has many different definitions,each keyed to a specific psychopathological disorder.

Question 19

Although a person may be at risk genetically for schizophrenia because it runs in his or her family,the person may not develop the illness unless environmental stress is high enough.Which term best captures this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) comorbidity. 
B) heritability. 
C) evoultionary perspective. 
D) the diathesis-stress hypothesis.

Question 20

A person has hallucinations,"hearing" things that no one else can hear.With respect to this behaviour,which criterion of abnormality has been met?

Accepted Answer

A) personal distress. 
B) irrationality. 
C) violation of moral and ideal standards. 
D) maladaptiveness.

Exam 15: A: Psychological Disorders

What were neurotic disorders,or neuroses,originally conceived to be?

According to research,what is a common cause of dissociative disorders?

Imagine you have a clinical neuropsychologist,a psychoanalyst,a behavioural psychologist,a cognitive psychologist,and a sociocultural psychologist all discussing the causes of depression.How would each of these individuals explain the etiology of depression?

What type of information does Axis III of the DSM-IV-TR incorporate?

A man feels as though his life is like a rollercoaster.He goes through periods of severe depression that alternate with manic episodes.Which diagnosis is most appropriate?

According to Susan Nolen-Hoeksema,when women experience sadness,they attempt to distract themselves from depressed feelings,whereas when men experience sadness,they tend to think about the possible causes and implications of their feelings.

What are the two categories of phobias defined by the DSM-IV-TR?

Explanatory style theory suggests that individuals who attribute failure to external,unstable,and specific causes are most vulnerable to depression.

Although she knows it does not make sense and she dreads having to do so,a woman must count to a million before she gets out of bed.This takes her most of the day.Which diagnosis best captures this behaviour?

An individual who suffers from bipolar disorder is asked to name the colours in which words are printed while undergoing an fMRI scan.What type of activity would most likely be recorded in the caudal ventral prefrontal cortex (cVPFC) ?

Increased levels of serotonin and norepinephrine have been linked to depression; reduced levels of these neurotransmitters have been associated with mania.

What is the definition of comorbidity?

Although a woman has suffered from schizophrenia in the past,she currently seems to be free of most of the severe symptoms,although she still suffers from occasional minor symptoms.Which type of schizophrenia is being characterized?

In a study that is described in the textbook,researchers attempted to determine if there was a relationship between parenting practices and antisocial personality traits.What did the results of the study indicate?

A study described in the textbook established an important relationship between genetic variations and life experiences in the etiology of depression.What did the results indicate?

Some individuals have experienced more than one disorder simultaneously at some point in their lives,a phenomenon known as __________.

Which statement most accurately represents our understanding of the relationship between family factors and schizophrenia?

A lawyer is presenting an insanity case to the jury and in his argument,he states that the DSM-IV-TR defines insanity as a mental disorder with a genetic basis.What makes this lawyer's statement questionable?

Although a person may be at risk genetically for schizophrenia because it runs in his or her family,the person may not develop the illness unless environmental stress is high enough.Which term best captures this phenomenon?

A person has hallucinations,"hearing" things that no one else can hear.With respect to this behaviour,which criterion of abnormality has been met?