Question 1

Cecilia was one of the Stanford students who participated in the classic research on cognitive dissonance conducted by Festinger and Carlsmith.What was Cecilia asked to do as part of this study?

Accepted Answer

A) present electric shocks to another individual. 
B) compare the length of lines to a standard line. 
C) tell others that working on monotonous tasks was enjoyable. 
D) observe others communicating in chat rooms.

Question 2

The Robber's Cave experiment provided evidence for the __________,showing that cooperative action and shared goals combat prejudice,whereas just being in each other's company does not.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Robber's Cave experiment provided evidence for...

Question 3

The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion distinguishes between __________ and __________ routes to persuasion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion distinguishes...

Question 4

What do cross-cultural studies of physical attractiveness indicate?

Accepted Answer

A) physical attractiveness predicts liking across most cultures. 
B) students will accord lower intellectual status to classmates who are perceived to be physically attractive. 
C) cultures do not differ widely with respect to the standards for physical beauty. 
D) physical attractiveness may not play as strong a role in some cultures as it does in the United States.

Question 5

Fritz Heider believed that all people are "intuitive psychologists." What did Heider mean by this statement?

Accepted Answer

A) most people approach the understanding of behaviour from a psychodynamic perspective. 
B) there is little distinction between "common sense" psychology and "professional" psychology. 
C) people try to figure out what others are like and what causes their behaviour,just as professional psychologists do. 
D) people have less interest in the behaviour of others than professional psychologists do.

Question 6

Joni is a music critic who always seems to be asked for her attitudes about the relative merits of rock music from the 60s versus the 90s.Why would Joni's attitudes about rock music most likely be highly accessible?

Accepted Answer

A) Primarily due to her knowledge of music. 
B) Primarily due to her love of rock music. 
C) Primarily due to direct experience. 
D) Primarily due to rehearsal.

Question 7

How would a proponent of the "contact hypothesis" most likely attempt to reduce the hostility that two groups show toward each other?

Accepted Answer

A) by introducing a goal that requires cooperation from both groups. 
B) by reducing the amount of contact between members of the hostile groups. 
C) by introducing a female mediator. 
D) by increasing the resources that are available to the groups.

Question 8

A homeless person approaches Fred and his friend,Betty for some money.When Betty donates a dollar,Fred attributes Betty's behaviour to her inherently generous spirit.According to Fritz Heider,what type of attribution did Fred make?

Accepted Answer

A) external 
B) situational 
C) dispositional 
D) fundamental

Question 9

According to the research on interpersonal attraction,if Lucy wants Jesse to like her,what should she do?

Accepted Answer

A) Ensure that she spends only short periods of time with Jesse,initially. 
B) Allow Jesse to see her frequently. 
C) Maintain opinions that are different from those held by Jesse. 
D) Appear somewhat neutral toward Jesse,initially.

Question 10

According to the __________ hypothesis,when people have been prevented or blocked from attaining their goals,frustration occurs.A rise in frustration then leads to a greater probability of __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the __________ hypothesis,when people have...

Question 11

When Corey went on a campus tour with his older brother,he noticed that all of the students seemed to be dressed alike.Which term best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) conformity. 
B) obedience. 
C) covariation. 
D) a demand characteristic.

Question 12

Which term refers to the tendency to attribute one's success to dispositional factors and one's failures to situational factors?

Accepted Answer

A) behavioural confirmation. 
B) the self-serving bias. 
C) the fundamental attribution error. 
D) in-group bias.

Question 13

With respect to the categories of aggressive behaviors,__________ aggression is produced in reaction to situations and is emotion-driven,whereas __________ aggression is goal-directed and cognition-based.

Accepted Answer

The answer of With respect to the categories of aggressive...

Question 14

When individuals interact with other people,they are likely to find themselves mimicking them in certain ways.What do Chartrand and Bargh label this type of mimicry?

Accepted Answer

A) the altruistic reciprocity effect 
B) the chameleon effect 
C) the Barnum effect 
D) the similarity effect

Question 15

A stereotype is a generalization about a group of people in which the same characteristics are assigned to all members of a group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which statement about the participants who acted as guards in the Stanford Prison Experiment is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) They identified with the prisoners and acted in a similar manner. 
B) They developed stress-related symptoms,such as psychosomatic rashes. 
C) They behaved aggressively and even sadistically toward the prisoners. 
D) They showed negative after effects that lasted for years.

Question 17

In a classic experiment on cognitive dissonance that is described in the textbook,students were paid either $1 or $20 to tell another student that a boring task was fun and interesting.What were the results of the study?

Accepted Answer

A) The students who were paid $1 decided that the task was really fun and interesting. 
B) The students who were paid $20 decided that the task was really fun and interesting. 
C) The students who were paid $1 refused to lie. 
D) The students who were paid $20 refused to lie.

Question 18

If asked about the blind obedience of the Nazis during World War II,how would Stanley Milgram most likely respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "Germans have a militaristic mentality that predisposes them to such blind obedience." 
B) "People have a tendency to obey others because as children they were socialized to follow rules." 
C) "Under some circumstances,anyone can behave like the Nazis did during the Second World War." 
D) "It is quite simply human nature to want to follow orders for the good of the group."

Question 19

People who have an interdependent concept of the self are more likely to experience cognitive dissonance than people who have an independent self-concept.

Accepted Answer