Question 1

After Teresa was verbally threatened by someone in a passing car,she was asked whether she recognized the man who was driving the car.Several hours later,Teresa mistakenly recalled that the driver was a male rather than a female.Teresa's experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory. 
B)  proactive interference. 
C)  the misinformation effect. 
D)  anterograde amnesia.

Question 2

Incest survivors who lack conscious memories of their sexual abuse may be told they are repressing the memory.This explanation for their lack of abuse memories emphasizes

Accepted Answer

A)  anterograde amnesia. 
B)  encoding failure. 
C)  proactive interference. 
D)  retrieval failure.

Question 3

The inability to recall which numbers on a telephone keypad are not accompanied by alphabetically sequenced letters is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding failure. 
B)  the misinformation effect. 
C)  retroactive interference. 
D)  source amnesia.

Question 4

An inability to retrieve information learned in the past is called

Accepted Answer

A)  source amnesia. 
B)  anterograde amnesia. 
C)  proactive interference. 
D)  retrograde amnesia.

Question 5

After hearing stories of things they both had and had not actually experienced with "Mr.Science," preschool children spontaneously recalled him doing things that were only mentioned in the stories.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  déjà vu. 
B)  proactive interference. 
C)  implicit memory. 
D)  source amnesia.

Question 6

Ebbinghaus' forgetting curve most clearly indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  our sensory memory capacity is essentially unlimited. 
B)  short-term memory fades more rapidly than sensory memory. 
C)  prior learning disrupts the recall of new information. 
D)  the most rapid memory loss for new information occurs shortly after it is learned.

Question 7

Research on young children's false eyewitness recollections has indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)  children are less susceptible to source amnesia than adults. 
B)  children are no more susceptible to the misinformation effect than adults. 
C)  it is surprisingly difficult for both children and professional interviewers to reliably separate the children's true memories from false memories. 
D)  all of these statements are true.

Question 8

The disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned information is called

Accepted Answer

A)  repression. 
B)  source amnesia. 
C)  retroactive interference. 
D)  anterograde amnesia.

Question 9

Although Maria can encode and consciously recall new information,she is unable to consciously recall events that happened prior to the brain damage that she suffered as an adolescent.Maria's memory difficulty most clearly illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  retrograde amnesia. 
B)  proactive interference. 
C)  anterograde amnesia. 
D)  retroactive interference.

Question 10

Retroactive interference refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  decay of physical memory traces. 
B)  disruptive effect of previously learned material on the recall of new information. 
C)  disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned material. 
D)  blocking of painful memories from conscious awareness.

Question 11

Becky's car is in the shop and her father has allowed her to use his truck until her car is repaired.Although she has never driven his truck before,she finds that after a few minutes she has the hang of it.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  déjà vu. 
B)  positive transfer. 
C)  reconsolidation. 
D)  the misinformation effect.

Question 12

Authors and songwriters sometimes think an idea came from their own creative imagination,when in fact they are unintentionally plagiarizing something they earlier read or heard.This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit memory. 
B)  source amnesia. 
C)  proactive interference. 
D)  déjà vu.

Question 13

When retrieving memories of a past event,we often fill in memory gaps with guesses about details.The fact that these guessed details are then incorporated into our memory of that event is most relevant to appreciating the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  anterograde amnesia. 
B)  automatic processing. 
C)  memory construction. 
D)  proactive interference.

Question 14

Proactive interference refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  blocking of painful memories from conscious awareness. 
B)  incorporation of misleading information into one's memory of an event. 
C)  disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of previously learned information. 
D)  disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.

Question 15

One child who participated in a memory experiment falsely remembered that he once went to the hospital because he had caught his finger in a mousetrap.His false memory best illustrated the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)  mood-congruent memory. 
B)  proactive interference. 
C)  suggestive interviewing. 
D)  sleep deprivation.

Question 16

After attending group therapy sessions for adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse,Karen mistakenly remembered details from others' traumatic life stories as part of her own life history.This best illustrates the dangers of

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  positive transfer. 
C)  implicit memory. 
D)  source amnesia.

Question 17

Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's phone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number.Arnold's difficulty best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  retroactive interference. 
B)  retrograde amnesia. 
C)  source amnesia. 
D)  proactive interference.

Question 18

We are unable to consciously attend to most of the sights and sounds that are continually bombarding us.This fact most clearly contributes to

Accepted Answer

A)  storage decay. 
B)  retroactive interference. 
C)  encoding failure. 
D)  repression.

Question 19

Déjà vu refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional arousal produced by proactive interference. 
B)  tendency to remember experiences that were actually dreams. 
C)  unconscious activation of particular associations in memory. 
D)  eerie sense of having previously experienced a situation or event.

Question 20

One explanation for the famous Ebbinghaus forgetting curve involves the gradual loss of

Accepted Answer

A)  interference. 
B)  encoding. 
C)  the memory trace. 
D)  automatic processing capacities.

Exam 25: Encoding: Getting Information In