Question 1

Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she is.Recently,she refused his offer to prepare dinner because,said she,"You could better spend the time playing with your kids." Melissa's comment best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  projection. 
B)  rationalization. 
C)  displacement. 
D)  reaction formation.

Question 2

Compared with Freud,contemporary research psychologists are LESS likely to think of unconscious mental dynamics as involving

Accepted Answer

A)  information processing. 
B)  repressive censoring. 
C)  implicit memory. 
D)  right-hemisphere activity.

Question 3

According of Freud,the censored expression of the dreamer's hidden wishes is the

Accepted Answer

A)  manifest content. 
B)  latent content. 
C)  unconscious content. 
D)  Oedipal content.

Question 4

Shortly after receiving a traffic ticket for speeding,Fred made numerous hostile comments to his wife about the incompetence of women drivers.Fred's comments illustrate most clearly the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation. 
B)  rationalization. 
C)  identification. 
D)  displacement.

Question 5

Contemporary psychodynamic theorists are most likely to emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual instincts. 
B)  free association. 
C)  inner conflicts. 
D)  oral fixations.

Question 6

Freud's supporters note that some of his ideas are enduring.Research by psychologist Daniel Kahneman,who won a 2002 Nobel Prize,has demonstrated support for Freud's idea of the

Accepted Answer

A)  connection between the unconscious and the irrational. 
B)  importance of dreams. 
C)  existence of the Oedipus complex. 
D)  unconscious origin of defense mechanisms.

Question 7

Experimental studies of terror-management theory indicate that we defend ourselves against death anxiety by increasing our

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression toward rivals and our esteem for ourselves. 
B)  esteem for rivals and our contempt for ourselves. 
C)  aggression toward rivals and our contempt for ourselves. 
D)  esteem for rivals and our esteem for ourselves.

Question 8

Freud called his theory of personality and the associated treatment techniques

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic theory. 
B)  terror-management theory. 
C)  epigenetics. 
D)  psychoanalysis.

Question 9

Freud suggested that the superego strengthens through the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  fixation. 
B)  free association. 
C)  repression. 
D)  identification.

Question 10

Nine-year-old Jessie is frustrated by his inability to read at the same level as the other children in his class.On the playground,he bullies and teases those who read well in class.According to Alfred Adler,Jessie's behavior is a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  projection. 
B)  an inferiority complex. 
C)  repression. 
D)  the pleasure principle.

Question 11

According to Freud,understanding how the id,ego,and superego interact is essential to grasping the nature of

Accepted Answer

A)  the collective unconscious. 
B)  free association. 
C)  the conflict between impulse and restraint. 
D)  an inferiority complex.

Question 12

Katrinka habitually makes nasty,hostile comments about her teachers.Freud would have suggested that her behavior illustrates the powerful influence of the

Accepted Answer

A)  self-concept. 
B)  superego. 
C)  ego. 
D)  id.

Question 13

Ariel loves her husband but unconsciously resents his successful career.Her therapist suggests that their marriage would improve if she recognized the conflict between these two feelings.The therapist's belief best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  trait 
B)  humanistic 
C)  social-cognitive 
D)  psychodynamic

Question 14

Byron is always looking to others for advice,approval,and affection.According to the psychoanalytic perspective,Byron is most likely fixated at the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  phallic 
B)  anal 
C)  latency 
D)  oral

Question 15

Freud thought that the ego attempts to satisfy the demands of the id in a way that will bring long-term benefits rather than pain.According to Freud,the ego operates on

Accepted Answer

A)  the Oedipus complex. 
B)  the reality principle. 
C)  unconscious wishes. 
D)  the pleasure principle.

Question 16

According to some scholars,Freud thought that stories of childhood sexual abuse reported by his adult female patients reflected their

Accepted Answer

A)  erogenous zones. 
B)  inferiority complexes. 
C)  childhood sexual wishes. 
D)  social standing.

Question 17

Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be

Accepted Answer

A)  displaced. 
B)  preconscious. 
C)  fixated. 
D)  unconscious.

Question 18

According to Freud's theory,the ego

Accepted Answer

A)  is the executive part of personality. 
B)  operates on the pleasure principle. 
C)  is the major source of guilt feelings. 
D)  operates only on a conscious level.

Question 19

When 2-year-old Matthew was told he would get no dessert until he finished the food on his plate,he threw his plate on the floor in a temper tantrum.Freud would have suggested that Matthew was unable to resist the demands of his

Accepted Answer

A)  superego. 
B)  ego. 
C)  id. 
D)  Oedipus complex.

Question 20

Boris does not like chemistry,but he has chosen it as his college major simply to prove that he is just as smart as his father,who is an outstanding chemist.A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Boris suffers from an unresolved

Accepted Answer

A)  oral fixation. 
B)  free association. 
C)  Oedipus complex. 
D)  projection.

Exam 45: Humanistic Perspective