Question 1

The best psychotherapy outcome studies are randomized clinical trials comparing treatment groups with ________ groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  eclectic 
B)  token economy 
C)  control 
D)  virtual reality

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an alternative form of therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy therapy 
B)  facilitated communication 
C)  rebirthing therapy 
D)  nondirective therapy

Question 3

Kammy vividly imagines being abused by her mother while her therapist triggers eye movements by waving a finger in front of Kammy's eyes.The therapist is apparently using a technique known as

Accepted Answer

A)  EMDR. 
B)  randomized clinical trials. 
C)  meta-analysis. 
D)  light exposure therapy.

Question 4

Glenda put a lot of time and work into trying to achieve positive cognitive and behavioral changes through psychotherapy.Which of the following factors is most likely to lead her to exaggerate the effectiveness of her psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  the comorbidity of disorders 
B)  meta-analysis 
C)  randomized clinical trials 
D)  effort justification

Question 5

Clients often stay in touch with their psychotherapists only if satisfied with the treatment they received.This helps us understand why therapists

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid developing a therapeutic alliance. 
B)  prefer client-centered therapy over other forms of treatment. 
C)  avoid diagnosing clients' disorders during the course of therapy. 
D)  often overestimate the effectiveness of psychotherapy.

Question 6

Which form of psychotherapy has had especially good results in treating phobias and compulsions?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive-behavioral therapy 
B)  psychoanalysis 
C)  client-centered therapy 
D)  behavioral conditioning therapies

Question 7

Which of the following is likely to lead to inflated client perceptions of the effectiveness of their psychotherapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  randomized clinical trials 
B)  the placebo effect 
C)  evidence-based practice 
D)  meta-analysis

Question 8

Psychodynamic therapy has been found to be helpful in the treatment of

Accepted Answer

A)  depression. 
B)  sexual dysfunctions. 
C)  obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
D)  posttraumatic stress disorder.

Question 9

In North America,Europe,and Australia,for example,many psychotherapists reflect the majority culture's ________,which often gives priority to personal desires and identity.

Accepted Answer

A)  transference. 
B)  individualism. 
C)  free association. 
D)  collectivist perspective.

Question 10

Light exposure therapy sparks activity in a brain region that influences

Accepted Answer

A)  the body's arousal. 
B)  self-awareness. 
C)  effort justification. 
D)  meta-analysis.

Question 11

Evidence that placebos can reduce some of the distressing symptoms of psychological disorders best illustrates the therapeutic value of

Accepted Answer

A)  meta-analysis. 
B)  individualism. 
C)  empathy. 
D)  hope.

Question 12

Because she mistakenly thought that completing a diagnostic test was a therapeutic treatment for her anxiety disorder,Mrs.Shyam felt considerable relief for several weeks following the test.Mrs.Shyam's reaction best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  meta-analysis. 
B)  animal magnetism. 
C)  the placebo effect. 
D)  a randomized clinical trial.

Question 13

When a person suffers from more than one psychological disorder at the same time,they are experiencing a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  illusory correlation. 
B)  effort justification. 
C)  comorbidity of disorders. 
D)  clinical trial.

Question 14

Therapists' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are more likely to be overly positive because clients justify

Accepted Answer

A)  entering therapy by emphasizing their financial well-being. 
B)  leaving therapy by emphasizing their psychological well-being. 
C)  entering therapy by emphasizing their psychological well-being. 
D)  leaving therapy by emphasizing their financial well-being.

Question 15

Clients' perceptions of the effectiveness of psychotherapy are often misleading because clients

Accepted Answer

A)  typically underestimate how much they have improved as a result of therapy. 
B)  tend to focus on their behavioral changes rather than on changes in their attitudes and emotions. 
C)  often need to convince themselves that they didn't waste their money on therapy. 
D)  are often angry about the time-consuming nature of therapy.

Question 16

Samantha feels depressed frequently and had decided to try energy therapy.Explain to Samantha why energy therapy,and some other alternative therapies,are not very effective and how they are not based on scientific evidence.Also,explain to Samantha which forms of therapy are frequently used to treat depression and which ones are most effective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Samantha feels depressed frequently and had decided...

Question 17

In reading a survey measuring his clients' satisfaction with his services,Dr.Jamison accepted many of their positive comments but bypassed most of the negative comments and assumed these negative comments were due to client issues.Dr.Jamison concluded that he is a very effective therapist.Dr.Jamison may be influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  the therapeutic alliance. 
B)  the confirmation bias. 
C)  resilience. 
D)  transference.

Question 18

Researchers have found that matching Asian-American clients with counselors who share their cultural values facilitates

Accepted Answer

A)  the therapeutic alliance. 
B)  comorbidity. 
C)  evidence-based practice. 
D)  meta-analysis.

Question 19

Therapists who encourage clients to think primarily about others' expectations are likely to experience difficulty forming a strong ________ with clients who value individualism.

Accepted Answer

A)  meta-analysis 
B)  therapeutic alliance 
C)  psychotherapy outcome study 
D)  randomized clinical trial

Question 20

Hans Eysenck launched a spirited debate regarding the effectiveness of psychotherapy because he found that it appeared to be

Accepted Answer

A)  too expensive and time-consuming. 
B)  less beneficial than drug therapy. 
C)  helpful only for those with relatively mild disorders. 
D)  no more beneficial than no treatment at all.

Exam 54: The Biomedical Therapies