Question 1

Environmental influences begin to affect children's development:

Accepted Answer

A)  when they are able to move about in their environments. 
B)  shortly after conception. 
C)  within hours of birth. 
D)  as soon as they begin attending to peers.

Question 2

Imagine you are a psychologist who was asked to consult on a case of a 10-month-old boy,Seth,who was in an accident that severely mangled his penis.His parents are considering reassigning this child's gender because of the damage to one of his primary sex organs.What would you recommend they do?

Accepted Answer

A)  raise Seth as a girl 
B)  raise Seth as a boy 
C)  raise Seth as a girl,but give her the choice to take hormone supplements in adolescence 
D)  move to a country that has legalized a third gender category

Question 3

Whereas early research on when children achieve developmental milestones focused on ________ influences of genes and environment,dynamic systems theory emphasizes the ________ role that genes and environment play on an infant's development.

Accepted Answer

A)  unique; joint 
B)  unique; influential 
C)  joint; combined 
D)  joint; unique

Question 4

The nature of an infant's attachment to its caregivers is primarily a function of:

Accepted Answer

A)  its genetic inheritance. 
B)  parental treatment. 
C)  which of Piaget's stages of development it has achieved. 
D)  the degree of contact comfort it has experienced from noncaregivers.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true of young infants' attention to stimuli in their environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They show no preferences for particular stimuli because they cannot discriminate between them. 
B)  They prefer familiar stimuli to novel stimuli. 
C)  They prefer novel stimuli to familiar stimuli. 
D)  They prefer black and white stimuli to colorful stimuli.

Question 6

Sexual reassignment surgery can lead to a mismatch between:

Accepted Answer

A)  gender and gender roles. 
B)  gender and gender identity. 
C)  gender and gender schemas. 
D)  gender schemas and gender roles.

Question 7

Though much early developmental research focused on early childhood,recent research has identified that:

Accepted Answer

A)  learning theories become even more important in adolescence. 
B)  important changes and crises continue to develop across the entire life span. 
C)  the role of culture has been deemphasized. 
D)  much less of development is due to biological factors in later years.

Question 8

Infantile amnesia refers to the observation that:

Accepted Answer

A)  infants quickly forget stimuli they have seen recently. 
B)  infants repress any unpleasant images they see. 
C)  adults are unable to remember things that occurred to them before about the age of 3. 
D)  we can remember what occurred in infancy but not why it occurred.

Question 9

Lisa and Beth are both in their 60s.Lisa continues to eat a healthy diet and walks with her neighbors every day.She also does yoga and swims twice per week.Beth has stopped worrying about what she eats and spends much of her day watching TV and sleeping.Lisa is likely to demonstrate ________ than Beth.

Accepted Answer

A)  less cognitive decline 
B)  greater health issues 
C)  worse memory performance 
D)  worse dental hygiene

Question 10

What was the important difference between the test of mathematical ability conducted by Mehler and Bever and that conducted by Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mehler and Bever designed the test to increase the children's motivation. 
B)  Piaget expected the children to be able to write their answers,not verbalize them. 
C)  The children in Piaget's study had no previous math experience. 
D)  The children in Mehler and Bever's study had previously attended preschool.

Question 11

In front of Mikey,Kristin pours 8 ounces of water from a measuring cup into both a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Mikey which glass has more water.If Mikey is at the concrete operational stage,he is likely to answer:

Accepted Answer

A)  the tall,thin glass. 
B)  the short,fat glass. 
C)  they are the same. 
D)  that he does not understand what more means.

Question 12

"Around Christmas time,Samantha sees her neighbor,Mr.Miller,dressed up as Santa Claus at the mall.When she asks him,'Are you Mr.Miller?' he responds,'No,I'm Santa Claus!'" Which of the following questions would assess a child's theory of mind in response to this story?

Accepted Answer

A)  How does Samantha know Mr.Miller? 
B)  Why does Mr.Miller say that? 
C)  Is it true what Mr.Miller says? 
D)  Why is Samantha at the mall?

Question 13

Which of the following conditions is a disorder or syndrome that exemplifies the conflict between women's personal rights versus the effects of women's behavior on their infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Down syndrome 
B)  fetal alcohol syndrome 
C)  hemophilia 
D)  developmental delay

Question 14

One aspect of memory that differs between your memories from before age 3 from those you formed after age 5 is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  memories from before age 3 are typically just a "flashbulb" of one moment in time. 
B)  you have more and greater detailed memories from after age 5. 
C)  you have the same number of memories at both ages,but they are more detailed after age 5. 
D)  you have fewer memories before age 3,but they have the same amount of detail.

Question 15

Young children are able to perceive visual stimuli with the same precision as adults:

Accepted Answer

A)  when the child is approximately 4 years old. 
B)  about one year after birth 
C)  as a function of the child's binocular disparity. 
D)  by 6 months of age.

Question 16

Very few synaptic connections between neurons will be made in the brain if:

Accepted Answer

A)  myelination has not occurred. 
B)  the child is not adequately stimulated. 
C)  the child is in the preoperational stage. 
D)  all teratogens have been avoided.

Question 17

From Erikson's point of view,what is the major goal of development during the adolescent period?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning to deal with sexual issues 
B)  developing an adult identity 
C)  resolving the intimacy versus isolation crisis 
D)  identifying sexual orientation

Question 18

What is a difference between assimilation and accommodation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Assimilation involves doing something with new information but accommodation does not. 
B)  Assimilation involves creating new schemas,but accommodation does not. 
C)  Accommodation involves creating new schemas,but assimilation does not. 
D)  Accommodation involves doing something with new information,but assimilation does not.

Question 19

You would expect infants in Kenya and Thailand to reach developmental milestones:

Accepted Answer

A)  in the same order and at exactly the same pace. 
B)  in the same order,but at different paces. 
C)  in different orders,but almost always at the same pace. 
D)  in completely different orders and paces.

Question 20

Imagine that a psychologist tests your mental processing speed every year.For example,they test how long does it take you to push a lever when a light comes on.If you age normally,you should show:

Accepted Answer

A)  no change in speed of response until after about age 60. 
B)  speeding up until about age 35 and then a slow decline. 
C)  a slowing by age 25 that gets even slower as you age further. 
D)  an ability to perform this task throughout your life at roughly the same speed,as long as your visual acuity is high.

Exam 9: Human Development