Question 1

Which of the following psychologists is most closely associated with the cognitive revolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  George Miller 
B) B.F.Skinner 
C)  Sigmund Freud 
D)  William James

Question 2

Noreen asserts that our behavior often reflects unconscious motives and conflicts.This viewpoint is most consistent with the ________ approach in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  Freudian 
B)  structuralist 
C)  Gestalt 
D)  behaviorist

Question 3

Which of the following is one factor that contributes to the confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

A)  selective emotionality,which is the tendency to better remember information that is negative 
B)  selective emotionality,which is the tendency to better remember information that is positive 
C)  selective memory,which is the tendency to better remember information that supports our existing beliefs 
D)  selective memory,which is the tendency to better remember information that goes against our existing beliefs

Question 4

Which of the following is an important goal of your psychology textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  to teach you how to be a therapist by using methods of psychology 
B)  to provide you with an education about the methods of psychological science 
C)  to help you define normal versus abnormal behavior so you can recognize mental illness 
D)  to help you predict how people will interact in novel situations

Question 5

Your friend hands you a teddy bear and asks you to describe your sensations and feelings connected to the teddy bear.In this example,you are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalysis. 
B)  functionalism. 
C)  introspection. 
D)  free association.

Question 6

Allanah is a psychology major.Which of the following best describes what Allanah will learn about?

Accepted Answer

A)  the structure and function of the brain 
B)  mental disorders and their treatments 
C)  feelings and other subjective states 
D)  the mind,the brain,and behavior

Question 7

Mandy is talking about her problems on a radio talk show.The host explains that these problems came about because of Mandy's unconscious internal struggles.This explanation is consistent with the ________ approach in psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorist 
B)  structuralist 
C)  evolutionary 
D)  psychoanalytic

Question 8

With respect to the mind/body problem,which of the following alternatives best captures the view of dualism held by contemporary psychological scientists?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most psychological scientists reject dualism. 
B)  Most psychological scientists accept dualism. 
C)  While many psychological scientists reject dualism,a growing minority promote a return to dualism. 
D)  While many psychological scientists accept dualism,a growing minority reject the view.

Question 9

The difference between using critical thinking explanations and everyday explanations for psychological phenomena is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  critical thinking relies on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions. 
B)  everyday explanations rely on evidence and scientific support for making conclusions. 
C)  critical thinking relies on personal examples more than scientific evidence for making conclusions. 
D)  everyday explanations rely on personal examples and scientific evidence for making conclusions.

Question 10

Which cultural group is most likely to focus on an entire image rather than the single elements of its foreground?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eastern cultures 
B)  Western cultures 
C)  both Western and Eastern cultures 
D)  neither Western nor Eastern cultures

Question 11

The early school of structuralism was introduced by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Edward Titchener. 
B)  William James. 
C)  Wilhelm Wundt. 
D)  Mary Whiton Calkins.

Question 12

Over history,people have viewed the mind as being located in each of the following parts of the body EXCEPT the:

Accepted Answer

A)  brain. 
B)  liver. 
C)  heart. 
D)  sexual organs.

Question 13

The fact that a variety of thoughts come to mind even as you are engaged in the activity of taking this exam exemplifies psychologist William James's concept of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sea of ideas. 
B)  ports of call. 
C)  river of thoughts. 
D)  stream of consciousness.

Question 14

Dave walks into his dorm and finds his roommate Pete concentrating and staring at an apple.When he questions what he is doing,Pete tells Dave he is trying to describe the apple's quality and intensity.Pete is using what technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  stream of consciousness 
B)  functionalism 
C)  introspection 
D)  internal review

Question 15

Leyna conducts research with puppies to determine if punishing them for inappropriate behavior will be more effective than rewarding them for appropriate behavior.In this example,Leyna is using a(n)________ approach in her research.

Accepted Answer

A)  functionalist 
B)  structuralist 
C)  behaviorist 
D)  psychoanalytic

Question 16

A recent survey found that 80 percent of high school students believed that they were above average on reading,writing,and math skills.Given that only 50 percent can be above average on any dimension,this is an example of the ________ bias.

Accepted Answer

A)  hindsight 
B)  self-serving 
C)  confirmation 
D)  egocentric

Question 17

Mindy is a psychologist who was just hired to try to improve the morale and motivation of the workers in her company.Mindy is probably a(n)________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A)  personality 
B)  social 
C)  clinical/counseling 
D)  industrial/organizational

Question 18

Functionalism has influenced each of the following pursuits EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  determining the function of religion. 
B)  developing better ways of applying divergent thinking and creativity in the classroom. 
C)  determining teaching methods based on how children's minds process information. 
D)  developing reward and punishment programs and token economies.

Question 19

You catch your 12-year-old sister smoking.She says that she likes to smoke because her friends smoke.You tell her she does it because she is addicted.Which of the following terms correspond to the stated levels of analysis for the smoking behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural,psychological 
B)  cultural,biological 
C)  social,psychological 
D)  social,biological

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of a psychologist who is studying the brain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dr.Fields,who studies the purchasing habits of impulsive individuals 
B)  Dr.Joe,who studies how neural activity changes as newborn babies develop 
C)  Dr.Perez,who studies how our feelings can influence our thought processes 
D)  Dr.Ladd,who studies the training activities of professional athletes

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology