Question 1

The most important belief underlying the practice of having a widow marry one of her brothers-in-law is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Her family should not have to return the bride price. 
B)  The rights of the deceased husband must be preserved. 
C)  All men should have more than one wife. 
D)  Widows should never have to live alone.

Question 2

If a tribal society has norms that prescribe cross-cousin or parallel-cousin marriage and an individual does not have a cousin in the particular category, that individual must remain single for the rest of his or her life since no mates fit the norm.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Using a sociobiological model, anthropologist William Durham has suggested that tribal warfare is an adaptive reproductive strategy that increases inclusive fitness at the tribal level when groups are in competition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Like forager societies, tribal groups lack art and music because of the mobile nature of their society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Cross-cultural research has shown that societies engaged in external warfare (warfare at long distances from home) develop matrilocal residence rules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Sociobiologists view patriarchy in tribal societies as a consequence of:

Accepted Answer

A)  the scarcity of resources and the resulting dominance of males in warfare 
B)  a male supremacy complex found in all human societies 
C)  mythologies, beliefs, and ideologies that justify male domination 
D)  reproductive strategies in which male competition for females leads to conflict

Question 7

A few tribal societies practice what is called , in which relatives are traced through both maternal and paternal sides of the family simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A)  unilineal descent 
B)  bilateral descent 
C)  patri-matri descent 
D)  two lines of descent 
E)  ambilineal descent

Question 8

In contrast to leaders in band societies, tribal leaders are able to wield power through coercion and the formal authority vested in the office of "chief of the tribe."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Levi-Strauss has used the term "generalized exchange" to refer to a cycle of marital exchange in which, among Lineages A, B, and C:

Accepted Answer

A)  men of each lineage always marry within their lineage 
B)  men of Lineages A and B always marry women from Lineage C 
C)  Lineage B always gives women to Lineage A, but takes its wives from Lineage C 
D)  men of each lineage always marry outside of their lineage

Question 10

Since young males are the focal point of political and economic power in gerontocracies, the elderly are often excluded from any decision-making processes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Margaret Mead felt that culture (enculturation) can strongly influence gender differences, either minimizing or maximizing the social differences between males and females.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Anthropologists use the term "pastoralists" to refer to peoples who:

Accepted Answer

A)  live in sedentary villages and rely principally on farming 
B)  are highly mobile, gathering wild plant foods from forest clearings 
C)  rely primarily on herd animals, such as caribou, cattle, sheep, or goats 
D)  subsist by slash-and-burn cultivation of forest lands

Question 13

A society that is organized into moieties (a terminology derived from the French) has a particular social organization that structures it into:

Accepted Answer

A)  several competing patrilineal clans 
B)  a single, fictional family 
C)  a clear, pyramidal hierarchy 
D)  equal halves with specific functions

Question 14

How are women treated in many tribal societies? Why are they treated in this manner? How much variation exists in the treatment? Are matrilineal societies different from patrilineal ones?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are women treated in many tribal...

Question 15

Property rights in tribal societies:

Accepted Answer

A)  are usually vested in single, adult males 
B)  are usually vested in the family and other kinship groupings 
C)  are usually vested in individuals, who then determine who can use the land or resources 
D)  simply do not exist since these types of societies are always on the move looking for a new place to live 
E)  are vested in the chief of the tribe

Question 16

Including as many people as you can, diagram your own kindred and then identify the following groups or individuals, assuming you reckon kinship in that manner and you are Ego:
Nuclear Family
Extended Family
Patrilineage
Matrilineage
Cross-cousins
Parallel-cousins

Accepted Answer

The answer of Including as many people as you can,...

Question 17

While studying the Yanomamö, Napoleon Chagnon found that soil depletion was not the only reason these peoples moved their garden plots. His research found that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Major population movements of the Yanomamö were due to warfare and conflict with neighbors. 
B)  The Yanomamö simply got tired of living in the same area and just packed up and left on a whim. 
C)  The Yanomamö had developed a 25-year plan that detailed their moves from year to year. 
D)  After about two to three years, poisonous snakes and alligators started to congregate in the garden plots because the vegetables attracted animals that snakes and alligators liked to eat. 
E)  These cleared plots eventually became shallow ponds that could not be used as gardens.

Question 18

Unilineal descent groups are lineage groups that:

Accepted Answer

A)  trace their ancestry to both the father's and mother's ancestors 
B)  trace their ancestry to either the father's or the mother's ancestors 
C)  establish a new lineage by severing ties to any ancestors 
D)  define themselves on the basis of relations through marriage

Question 19

Describe the relationship among gender, subsistence, and female status in matrilineal societies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the relationship among gender, subsistence, and...

Question 20

Deborah Gewertz, who has re-examined Mead's interpretations of the Tchambuli (Chambri), arrived at the conclusion that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Chambri women are among the most aggressive in all human societies. 
B)  Mead's interpretations failed to take specific historical circumstances into account. 
C)  Chambri men were submissive due to frequent defeats in warfare. 
D)  Cultural values do not influence gender roles.

Exam 9: Tribes

The most important belief underlying the practice of having a widow marry one of her brothers-in-law is that:

If a tribal society has norms that prescribe cross-cousin or parallel-cousin marriage and an individual does not have a cousin in the particular category, that individual must remain single for the rest of his or her life since no mates fit the norm.

Using a sociobiological model, anthropologist William Durham has suggested that tribal warfare is an adaptive reproductive strategy that increases inclusive fitness at the tribal level when groups are in competition.

Like forager societies, tribal groups lack art and music because of the mobile nature of their society.

Cross-cultural research has shown that societies engaged in external warfare (warfare at long distances from home) develop matrilocal residence rules.

Sociobiologists view patriarchy in tribal societies as a consequence of:

A few tribal societies practice what is called , in which relatives are traced through both maternal and paternal sides of the family simultaneously.

In contrast to leaders in band societies, tribal leaders are able to wield power through coercion and the formal authority vested in the office of "chief of the tribe."

Levi-Strauss has used the term "generalized exchange" to refer to a cycle of marital exchange in which, among Lineages A, B, and C:

Since young males are the focal point of political and economic power in gerontocracies, the elderly are often excluded from any decision-making processes.

Margaret Mead felt that culture (enculturation) can strongly influence gender differences, either minimizing or maximizing the social differences between males and females.

Anthropologists use the term "pastoralists" to refer to peoples who:

A society that is organized into moieties (a terminology derived from the French) has a particular social organization that structures it into:

How are women treated in many tribal societies? Why are they treated in this manner? How much variation exists in the treatment? Are matrilineal societies different from patrilineal ones?

Property rights in tribal societies:

Including as many people as you can, diagram your own kindred and then identify the following groups or individuals, assuming you reckon kinship in that manner and you are Ego: Nuclear Family Extended Family Patrilineage Matrilineage Cross-cousins Parallel-cousins

While studying the Yanomamö, Napoleon Chagnon found that soil depletion was not the only reason these peoples moved their garden plots. His research found that:

Unilineal descent groups are lineage groups that:

Describe the relationship among gender, subsistence, and female status in matrilineal societies.

Deborah Gewertz, who has re-examined Mead's interpretations of the Tchambuli (Chambri) , arrived at the conclusion that: