Question 1

At the dopaminergic synapse illustrated in this figure,cocaine,amphetamine,and methylphenidate act as ____________________ by ____________________ reuptake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  At the dopaminergic synapse illustrated in...

Question 2

Which of the following neurotransmitters is an indolamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine 
B)  norepinephrine 
C)  serotonin 
D)  dopamine

Question 3

Acetylcholine (ACh)is synthesized from

Accepted Answer

A)  acetyl coenzyme A,usually found in dietary fats,and choline,a substance formed by the actions of mitochondria within cells. 
B)  choline,usually found in dietary fats,and acetyl coenzyme A,a substance formed by the actions of mitochondria within cells. 
C)  the amino acid tyrosine,synthesized from the phenylalanine found in foods. 
D)  tryptophans,amino acids found in chocolate,milk,and poultry.

Question 4

Professor Murphy is studying neurons that release a particular small-molecule neurotransmitter.In these same neurons,the professor should expect to see

Accepted Answer

A)  no other types of neurotransmitters. 
B)  a second type of small-molecule neurotransmitter. 
C)  at least one type of neuropeptide neurotransmitter. 
D)  at least one other type of small-molecule neurotransmitter and multiple types of neuropeptides neurotransmitters.

Question 5

Lisa and Tom both weigh 160 pounds,and both just consumed two beers in the last hour.What can we conclude about their blood alcohol levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because they are the same weight,both should have the same blood alcohol levels. 
B)  Neither will show any evidence of having consumed alcohol,because one hour is plenty of time for a 160 lb.person to metabolize the alcohol contained in two beers. 
C)  Tom's blood alcohol level will probably be higher than Lisa's,because alcohol is absorbed by fat,and women usually have more fat than men. 
D)  Lisa's blood alcohol level will probably be higher than Tom's,because alcohol is diluted by muscle,and men usually have more muscle than women.

Question 6

The mesolimbic pathway uses the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine,and is important in movement. 
B)  dopamine,and is important in feelings of reward and addiction. 
C)  norepinephrine,and is important in vigilance. 
D)  serotonin,and is important in mood.

Question 7

L-dopa participates in the synthesis of

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine only. 
B)  dopamine and epinephrine. 
C)  dopamine and norepinephrine. 
D)  dopamine,epinephrine,and norepinephrine.

Question 8

If a drug blocks the action of acetylcholinesterase,it will serve as a(n)_________ for acetylcholine.

Accepted Answer

A)  antagonist 
B)  modulator 
C)  agonist 
D)  mimic

Question 9

Glutamate can be toxic to neurons because

Accepted Answer

A)  NMDA receptors allow calcium into a cell,and excess calcium can stimulate harmful levels of enzyme activity. 
B)  NMDA receptors block the movement of calcium into a cell,preventing the release of other neurotransmitters. 
C)  it blocks receptors for other types of neurotransmitters,preventing effective communication between cells. 
D)  its breakdown in the synaptic gap produces harmful free radicals.

Question 10

In a double-blind experimental procedure

Accepted Answer

A)  both the participant and experimenter know whether the participant received a drug or a placebo. 
B)  the participant,but not the experimenter,knows whether he/she received a drug or a placebo. 
C)  the experimenter,but not the participant,knows whether the participant received a drug or a placebo. 
D)  neither the participant nor the experimenter knows whether the participant received a drug or a placebo.

Question 11

Muscarinic receptors respond to

Accepted Answer

A)  muscarine,a substance found in tobacco,and acetylcholine. 
B)  muscarine,a substance found in some mushrooms,and acetylcholine. 
C)  muscarine,nicotine,and acetylcholine. 
D)  acetylcholine only.

Question 12

Eating carbohydrates before bed may promote sleep,because carbohydrates raise brain levels of tryptophans,which

Accepted Answer

A)  are serotonergic antagonists. 
B)  are precursors for the synthesis of serotonin. 
C)  are a form of serotonin. 
D)  prevent the reuptake of serotonin.

Question 13

Memory problems associated with alcohol may result from its activity at _________ receptors.

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA 
B)  NMDA glutamate 
C)  opiate 
D)  dopamine

Question 14

Myasthenia gravis,a disease characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue,is often treated by medications that inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE).Which of the following statements best explains why this treatment would be effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibiting AChE would delay the breakdown of acetylcholine (ACh)in the synaptic gap.This in turn would make smaller amounts of ACh more effective in stimulating muscles. 
B)  Inhibiting AChE would ensure that more acetylcholine (ACh)is transported back into the presynaptic neuron through the process of reuptake. 
C)  Inhibiting AChE would increase the rate of synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh)in motor neurons. 
D)  AChE has a general inhibitory effect in the brain,so blocking its action would be stimulating to many systems,including movement.

Question 15

Which major types of behavior are most directly affected by changes in serotonin activity?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which major types of behavior are most...

Question 16

MDMA (ecstasy)is most similar in chemical structure to which of the following drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  LSD 
B)  methamphetamine and mescaline 
C)  nicotine 
D)  gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GH
B)

Question 17

Drugs that are most likely to produce addiction have an effect on

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine (ACh). 
B)  serotonin. 
C)  dopamine. 
D)  norepinephrine.

Question 18

Karl has been told that his family produces low levels of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).Consequently,we would expect Karl to react to consuming his first alcohol

Accepted Answer

A)  with negative symptoms,including flushing and rapid heartbeat. 
B)  completely normally,as ALDH affects a person's response to nicotine,not alcohol. 
C)  by becoming an alcoholic unusually quickly. 
D)  by experiencing hallucinations.

Question 19

Drugs that interfere with the activity of a neurotransmitter are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  agonists. 
B)  antagonists. 
C)  facilitators. 
D)  enablers.

Question 20

Tryptophan serves as a precursor in the synthesis of

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin. 
B)  dopamine. 
C)  norepinephrine. 
D)  epinephrine.

Exam 4: Psychopharmacology

At the dopaminergic synapse illustrated in this figure,cocaine,amphetamine,and methylphenidate act as by reuptake.