Question 1

Which of the meninges is described as a leatherlike tissue that follows the contours of the skull bones?

Accepted Answer

A)  pia mater 
B)  dura mater 
C)  arachnoid layer 
D)  subarachnoid space

Question 2

Paul just found out that all of his friends in the dorm went to a party without him.Which of the following structures in Paul's brain would we expect to be especially activated by this social rejection?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amygdala 
B)  the hippocampus 
C)  the anterior cingulate cortex 
D)  the posterior cingulate cortex

Question 3

The most rostral lobes of the cerebral cortex are the _________ lobes.

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal 
B)  parietal 
C)  temporal 
D)  occipital

Question 4

Your cat always walks up to you and wants you to pet it on its ________ surface,but your dog lies on its back and presents its _________ surface for you to scratch.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventral;dorsal 
B)  dorsal;ventral 
C)  rostral;caudal 
D)  caudal;rostral

Question 5

Researchers investigating appetite distinguish between the roles played by the ventromedial hypothalamus and the lateral hypothalamus.Where are these two structures located relative to one another?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lateral hypothalamus is contralateral to the ventromedial hypothalamus. 
B)  The lateral hypothalamus is rostral to the ventromedial hypothalamus. 
C)  The lateral hypothalamus is closer to the midline than the ventromedial hypothalamus. 
D)  The ventromedial hypothalamus is located closer to the midline than the lateral hypothalamus.

Question 6

The autonomic nervous system directly controls

Accepted Answer

A)  the skeletal muscles. 
B)  the heart,lungs,and other organs. 
C)  the reticular formation. 
D)  temperature regulation.

Question 7

Running down the center of the spinal cord is the

Accepted Answer

A)  subarachnoid space. 
B)  fourth ventricle. 
C)  central canal. 
D)  spinal ventricle.

Question 8

The subthalamic nucleus is part of the

Accepted Answer

A)  diencephalon. 
B)  reticular formation. 
C)  basal ganglia. 
D)  limbic system.

Question 9

Dorsal spinal ganglia

Accepted Answer

A)  are located in the ventral horns of the spinal cord. 
B)  contain the cell bodies of efferent nerves. 
C)  are located in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord. 
D)  contain the cell bodies of afferent nerves.

Question 10

The correct order of the spinal divisions from rostral to caudal is:

Accepted Answer

A)  cervical,thoracic,lumbar,sacral,coccygeal. 
B)  cervical,lumbar,thoracic,sacral,coccygeal. 
C)  thoracic,cervical,lumbar,sacral,coccygeal. 
D)  cervical,thoracic,lumbar,coccygeal,sacral.

Question 11

The amygdala participates in which of the following behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)  learning and memory 
B)  motor control 
C)  fear and aggression 
D)  regulation of hunger and thirst

Question 12

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The central nervous system is encased in bone,but has no cerebrospinal fluid. 
B)  The peripheral nervous system is encased in bone,but has no cerebrospinal fluid. 
C)  The peripheral nervous system is encased with bone and is bathed with cerebrospinal fluid. 
D)  The central nervous system is encased with bone and is bathed with cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 13

Among the functions localized in the area designated "1" above are

Accepted Answer

A)  decision-making and planning. 
B)  processing of sound and visual recognition of objects. 
C)  generating movement and perceiving body position. 
D)  primary visual processing and perception of movement.

Question 14

Among the possible reasons for the rapid growth of hominid brains is the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  hominids enjoyed rich supplies of protein from meat,eggs,and seafood. 
B)  the development of agriculture led to more stable food supplies. 
C)  urbanization,or the development of cities,favored brains capable of more complex thinking. 
D)  the development of literacy stimulated considerable brain growth.

Question 15

A thoracic surgeon operates in the vicinity of the thoracic division of the spinal cord;that is,the structures located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  neck 
B)  torso 
C)  lower back 
D)  genitals and legs

Question 16

Stanley is experiencing ongoing degeneration in his cerebellum.Consequently,which of the following behaviors may become progressively more difficult for him?

Accepted Answer

A)  breathing 
B)  maintaining a normal core body temperature 
C)  sleeping 
D)  speaking clearly

Question 17

Korbinian Brodmann's system for dividing the cerebral cortex into 52 areas is based on

Accepted Answer

A)  divisions of the surface by sulci and fissures. 
B)  regular units covering one square inch. 
C)  the function of the underlying cortex of each area. 
D)  the distribution of cell bodies in the six layers of cortex.

Question 18

The neuraxis runs in a straight line

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel to the ground in four-legged animals and humans. 
B)  perpendicular to the ground in four-legged animals and humans. 
C)  parallel to the ground in four-legged animals but makes a 90 degree turn in the brains of humans. 
D)  parallel to the ground in humans but makes a 90 degree turn in the brains of four-legged animals.

Question 19

Agriculture,urbanization,and literacy appear to have produced _________ in human brain size.

Accepted Answer

A)  large amounts of additional growth 
B)  modest amounts of additional growth 
C)  no apparent changes 
D)  possible reductions

Question 20

Efferent spinal nerves exit the _________ root and carry ___________ information.

Accepted Answer

A)  ventral;sensory 
B)  ventral;motor 
C)  dorsal;sensory 
D)  dorsal;motor

Exam 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System