Question 1

A more sustainable form of managing grasslands is

Accepted Answer

A)   swidden agriculture.
B)   rotational grazing.
C)   corridor development.
D)   maintenance of edge habitat. B

Question 2

What technique might you use to determine size and location of a preserve to protect grizzly bears?

Accepted Answer

A)   GIS.
B)   REDD.
C)   Adaptive management.
D)   PVA.
E)   MAB. A

Question 3

The highest rate of forest loss occurs in

Accepted Answer

A)   Asia.
B)   North America.
C)   South America.
D)   Africa.
E)   Europe. D

Question 4

A major limiting factor to success of parks and reserves in developing nations would be

Accepted Answer

A)   a lack of biodiversity in those countries.
B)   a lack of area suitable to set aside as a park or reserve.
C)   the lack of scientific data to manage the parks and reserves.
D)   the lack of money and infrastructure to manage the parks and preserves.
E)   a lack of interest in the development of parks and preserves.

Question 5

Old-growth forests are notable for containing species that

Accepted Answer

A)   are exotic in North America.
B)   have an unusually high market value.
C)   are highly adapted to their special environment.
D)   are found in other North American forests, in very different environmental conditions.
E)   migrate long distances to feed in the old-growth forests.

Question 6

In general, the global range of world deserts are

Accepted Answer

A)   decreasing as world climate becomes wetter.
B)   increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide.
C)   increasing because of logging and grazing.
D)   decreasing because of massive reforestation.
E)   about the same in area but have many threatened species of plants.

Question 7

A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is

Accepted Answer

A)   utilitarian conservation.
B)   biocentric preservation.
C)   the REDD program.
D)   ecosystem management.
E)   pastoralism.

Question 8

Most commercial loggers prefer "clear-cut" harvesting because it

Accepted Answer

A)   is the most environmentally sustainable type of harvest.
B)   is the most efficient way to get valuable small timber without disturbing the larger early successional trees.
C)   is the most efficient, cheapest harvest method using large, fast machinery instead of costly labor.
D)   is the most effective way to refresh soil with sun and rain.
E)   does not waste any trees.

Question 9

Annually, the Forest Service __________ on timber sales mainly because of the emphasis on ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   makes a profit; building roads into wilderness areas
B)   loses money; building roads into wilderness areas
C)   loses money; exporting logs to Canada
D)   makes a profit; exporting logs to Canada
E)   loses money; replanting

Question 10

The primary aim of the U.S. Forest Service has historically been to provide ______________ based on Pinchot's philosophy of _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the benefits of forests for current and future populations; ecocentric preservation
B)   fire patrols to protect ancient forests; biocentric preservation
C)   wildlife habitat; biocentric preservation
D)   public recreation and education; pragmatic conservation
E)   timber to logging companies; pragmatic conservation

Question 11

The most sustainable land use in tropical forests is probably

Accepted Answer

A)   logging.
B)   cattle grazing.
C)   monoculture agroforestry.
D)   intensive, efficient modern row cropping.
E)   milpa farming.

Question 12

Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous for the loggers because

Accepted Answer

A)   it produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp.
B)   it is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people.
C)   high levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed, therefore there is more money spent and in the system.
D)   the increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry.
E)   a mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of timber falls.

Question 13

Monetary inputs to local economies due to the presence of parks and reserves is

Accepted Answer

A)   ecotourism.
B)   the Man and the Biosphere concept.
C)   hotspot management.
D)   a form of REDD.
E)   causing the destruction of the parks and preserves through overuse.

Question 14

One possible solution to the problem of insufficient land area for preserves is to use _______________ to link smaller habitat areas.

Accepted Answer

A)   highways
B)   eco-bridges
C)   edge effects
D)   corridors
E)   GIS

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding wildlife refuges is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   While they may face other obstacles, wildlife refuges rarely have notable pollution problems.
B)   Hunting is not allowed in wildlife refuges.
C)   The Bureau of Land Management has made it a priority to expand designated wilderness areas on their lands.
D)   Wildlife refuges are managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
E)   The size and number of refuges are increasing globally.

Question 16

Preservation of genetic diversity essential for breeding programs to improve cultivated plants and domestic animals is part of the

Accepted Answer

A)   REDD mission.
B)   Endangered Species Act.
C)   IUCN World Conservation Strategy.
D)   UNESCO Man in the Biosphere program.

Question 17

Over the past decade, the number of park visitors has _______ and park budgets have ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased by more than one half; increased by about 25%
B)   increased by one third; decreased by about 25%
C)   decreased by more than one half; decreased by about 25%
D)   decreased by one third; increased by about 25%
E)   stayed about the same; decreased by about 25%

Question 18

Marine reserves are more common and easier to manage than terrestrial reserves.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because

Accepted Answer

A)   they contain such high biodiversity.
B)   tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world.
C)   they contain irreplaceable wood resources.
D)   there are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type.
E)   All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss.

Question 20

The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns.

Accepted Answer