Question 1

Which of the following best describes positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expiration against a variable flow resistance 
B)  Expiration against a fixed threshold resistance 
C)  Inspiration against a variable flow resistance 
D)  Inspiration against a fixed threshold resistance

Question 2

A patient with abdominal muscle weakness is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following phases of the cough reflex are primarily affected in this patient?
1) Irritation
2) Inspiration
3) Compression
4) Expulsion

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 3 only 
B) 2 and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 3 and 4 only

Question 3

A patient with a neuromuscular disorder causing generalized muscle weakness is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following cough phases are primarily affected in this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irritation 
B)  Inspiration 
C)  Compression 
D)  Expulsion

Question 4

Which of the following airway clearance techniques would you recommend for a patient with a neurologic abnormality (bulbar palsy) and intact upper airway?
1) Postural drainage, percussion, and vibration
2) Positive expiratory pressure therapy
3) Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 5

A typical mechanical insufflation-exsufflation treatment session should continue until what point?
1) Secretions are cleared.
2) The vital capacity (VC) returns to baseline.
3) The SpO2 returns to baseline.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 6

Which of the following are hazards of positive airway pressure therapies (EPAP, PEP, CPAP)?
1) Decreased venous return
2) Epistaxis
3) Pulmonary barotrauma
4) Increased intracranial pressure

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only

Question 7

A physician orders postural drainage for a patient with aspiration pneumonia in the superior segments of the left lower lobe. Which of the following positions would you recommend for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A)  Patient prone with a pillow under abdomen, bed flat 
B)  Head down, patient prone with a pillow under abdomen 
C)  Head down, patient supine with a pillow under knees 
D)  Patient supine with a pillow under knees, bed flat

Question 8

What is the correct sequence of actions during the active cycle of breathing (ACB) method?
1) Relaxation and breathing control
2) Three or four thoracic expansion exercises
3) One or two FETs (huffs)

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 1, and 3 
B) 1, 3, 1, and 2 
C) 3, 1, 2, and 1 
D) 1, 3, 2, and 1

Question 9

A physician orders bronchodilator drug therapy in combination with positive expiratory pressure (PEP). Which of the following methods could you use to provide this combined therapy?
1) Attach a dry powder inhaler in-line with the PEP apparatus.
2) Attach a metered dose inhaler to the system's one-way valve inlet.
3) Place a small volume nebulizer in-line with the PEP apparatus.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 3 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 10

Under which of the following conditions would mechanical insufflation-exsufflation with an oronasal mask probably be effective?
1) If the glottis collapses during exsufflation
2) Presence of fixed airway obstruction
3) Presence of a chronic neuromuscular disorder

Accepted Answer

A) 3 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1, 2, and 3 
D) 1 and 3 only

Question 11

Which of the following conditions alter normal mucociliary clearance?
1) Bronchospasm
2) Cystic fibrosis (CF)
3) Ciliary dyskinesia
4) Asthma

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, and 4 only 
B) 1 and 2 only 
C) 1 and 4 only 
D) 2 and 3 only

Question 12

Which of the following are typical of high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy?
1) 30-min therapy sessions
2) Long inspiratory oscillations
3) One to six sessions per day
4) Oscillations at 20 to 25 Hz

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 13

Which of the following are true of postural drainage?
1) It is most effective in disorders causing excessive sputum.
2) It is most effective in head-down positions greater than 25 degrees.
3) It requires adequate systemic hydration to be effective.
4) It improves mucociliary clearance in normal subjects.

Accepted Answer

A) 2 and 4 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 2, and 4 only

Question 14

Which of the following parts are required to conduct high-frequency external chest wall compression?
1) Variable air-pulse generator
2) Expiratory flow resistor with one-way valve
3) Nonstretch inflatable thoracic vest

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 2 only 
B) 2 and 3 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 15

Conditions that can lead to bronchiectasis include which of the following?
1) Chronic airway infection
2) Muscular dystrophy
3) Foreign body aspiration
4) Obliterative bronchiolitis

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only

Question 16

In which of the following patients would you consider modifying any head-down positions used for postural drainage?
1) A patient with unstable blood pressure
2) A patient with a cerebrovascular disorder
3) A patient with systemic hypertension
4) A patient with orthopnea

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2, 3, and 4 
B) 3 and 4 only 
C) 2, 3, and 4 only 
D) 2 and 4 only

Question 17

The application of gravity to achieve specific clinical objectives in respiratory care best describes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breathing exercises 
B)  Postural drainage therapy 
C)  Hyperinflation therapy 
D)  Directed coughing

Question 18

Which of the following drug categories can impair mucociliary clearance in intubated patients?
1) General anesthetics
2) Bronchodilators
3) Opiates
4) Narcotics

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 1, 3, and 4 only

Question 19

Which of the following are hazards or complication of postural drainage therapy?
1) Cardiac arrhythmias
2) Increased intracranial pressure
3) Acute hypotension
4) Pulmonary barotraumas

Accepted Answer

A) 1 and 3 only 
B) 1, 2, and 3 only 
C) 3 and 4 only 
D) 2, 3, and 4 only

Question 20

Which of the following determines effectiveness of high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy?
1) Compression frequency
2) Largest volumes
3) Flow bias

Accepted Answer

A) 1 only 
B) 2 only 
C) 1 and 3 only 
D) 2 and 3 only

Exam 43: Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Which of the following best describes positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy?

A patient with abdominal muscle weakness is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following phases of the cough reflex are primarily affected in this patient? 1) Irritation 2) Inspiration 3) Compression 4) Expulsion

A patient with a neuromuscular disorder causing generalized muscle weakness is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following cough phases are primarily affected in this patient?

Which of the following airway clearance techniques would you recommend for a patient with a neurologic abnormality (bulbar palsy) and intact upper airway? 1) Postural drainage, percussion, and vibration 2) Positive expiratory pressure therapy 3) Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation

A typical mechanical insufflation-exsufflation treatment session should continue until what point? 1) Secretions are cleared. 2) The vital capacity (VC) returns to baseline. 3) The SpO₂ returns to baseline.

Which of the following are hazards of positive airway pressure therapies (EPAP, PEP, CPAP) ? 1) Decreased venous return 2) Epistaxis 3) Pulmonary barotrauma 4) Increased intracranial pressure

A physician orders postural drainage for a patient with aspiration pneumonia in the superior segments of the left lower lobe. Which of the following positions would you recommend for this patient?

What is the correct sequence of actions during the active cycle of breathing (ACB) method? 1) Relaxation and breathing control 2) Three or four thoracic expansion exercises 3) One or two FETs (huffs)

Under which of the following conditions would mechanical insufflation-exsufflation with an oronasal mask probably be effective? 1) If the glottis collapses during exsufflation 2) Presence of fixed airway obstruction 3) Presence of a chronic neuromuscular disorder

Which of the following conditions alter normal mucociliary clearance? 1) Bronchospasm 2) Cystic fibrosis (CF) 3) Ciliary dyskinesia 4) Asthma

Which of the following are typical of high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy? 1) 30-min therapy sessions 2) Long inspiratory oscillations 3) One to six sessions per day 4) Oscillations at 20 to 25 Hz

Which of the following parts are required to conduct high-frequency external chest wall compression? 1) Variable air-pulse generator 2) Expiratory flow resistor with one-way valve 3) Nonstretch inflatable thoracic vest

Conditions that can lead to bronchiectasis include which of the following? 1) Chronic airway infection 2) Muscular dystrophy 3) Foreign body aspiration 4) Obliterative bronchiolitis

In which of the following patients would you consider modifying any head-down positions used for postural drainage? 1) A patient with unstable blood pressure 2) A patient with a cerebrovascular disorder 3) A patient with systemic hypertension 4) A patient with orthopnea

The application of gravity to achieve specific clinical objectives in respiratory care best describes which of the following?

Which of the following drug categories can impair mucociliary clearance in intubated patients? 1) General anesthetics 2) Bronchodilators 3) Opiates 4) Narcotics

Which of the following are hazards or complication of postural drainage therapy? 1) Cardiac arrhythmias 2) Increased intracranial pressure 3) Acute hypotension 4) Pulmonary barotraumas

Which of the following determines effectiveness of high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy? 1) Compression frequency 2) Largest volumes 3) Flow bias

Exam 43: Airway Clearance Therapy Act

Which of the following best describes positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy?

A patient with abdominal muscle weakness is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following phases of the cough reflex are primarily affected in this patient? 1) Irritation 2) Inspiration 3) Compression 4) Expulsion

A patient with a neuromuscular disorder causing generalized muscle weakness is having difficulty developing an effective cough. Which of the following cough phases are primarily affected in this patient?

Which of the following airway clearance techniques would you recommend for a patient with a neurologic abnormality (bulbar palsy) and intact upper airway? 1) Postural drainage, percussion, and vibration 2) Positive expiratory pressure therapy 3) Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation

A typical mechanical insufflation-exsufflation treatment session should continue until what point? 1) Secretions are cleared. 2) The vital capacity (VC) returns to baseline. 3) The SpO2 returns to baseline.

Which of the following are hazards of positive airway pressure therapies (EPAP, PEP, CPAP) ? 1) Decreased venous return 2) Epistaxis 3) Pulmonary barotrauma 4) Increased intracranial pressure

A physician orders postural drainage for a patient with aspiration pneumonia in the superior segments of the left lower lobe. Which of the following positions would you recommend for this patient?

What is the correct sequence of actions during the active cycle of breathing (ACB) method? 1) Relaxation and breathing control 2) Three or four thoracic expansion exercises 3) One or two FETs (huffs)

Under which of the following conditions would mechanical insufflation-exsufflation with an oronasal mask probably be effective? 1) If the glottis collapses during exsufflation 2) Presence of fixed airway obstruction 3) Presence of a chronic neuromuscular disorder

Which of the following conditions alter normal mucociliary clearance? 1) Bronchospasm 2) Cystic fibrosis (CF) 3) Ciliary dyskinesia 4) Asthma

Which of the following are typical of high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy? 1) 30-min therapy sessions 2) Long inspiratory oscillations 3) One to six sessions per day 4) Oscillations at 20 to 25 Hz

Which of the following parts are required to conduct high-frequency external chest wall compression? 1) Variable air-pulse generator 2) Expiratory flow resistor with one-way valve 3) Nonstretch inflatable thoracic vest

Conditions that can lead to bronchiectasis include which of the following? 1) Chronic airway infection 2) Muscular dystrophy 3) Foreign body aspiration 4) Obliterative bronchiolitis

In which of the following patients would you consider modifying any head-down positions used for postural drainage? 1) A patient with unstable blood pressure 2) A patient with a cerebrovascular disorder 3) A patient with systemic hypertension 4) A patient with orthopnea

The application of gravity to achieve specific clinical objectives in respiratory care best describes which of the following?

Which of the following drug categories can impair mucociliary clearance in intubated patients? 1) General anesthetics 2) Bronchodilators 3) Opiates 4) Narcotics

Which of the following are hazards or complication of postural drainage therapy? 1) Cardiac arrhythmias 2) Increased intracranial pressure 3) Acute hypotension 4) Pulmonary barotraumas

Which of the following determines effectiveness of high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy? 1) Compression frequency 2) Largest volumes 3) Flow bias

A typical mechanical insufflation-exsufflation treatment session should continue until what point? 1) Secretions are cleared. 2) The vital capacity (VC) returns to baseline. 3) The SpO₂ returns to baseline.