Question 1

The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because it ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  produces vitamin D and other chemicals needed by the kidney 
B)  stabilizes the position of the kidneys by holding them in their normal position 
C)  is necessary as a barrier between the adrenal glands and kidneys 
D)  ensures adequate energy for the adrenal glands to operate efficiently

Question 2

Which of the hormones below is responsible for facultative water reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroxine 
B)  atrial natriuretic peptide 
C)  ADH 
D)  aldosterone

Question 3

Reabsorption of nutrients like glucose and amino acids takes place in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)via cotransporters that utilize secondary active transport.Which of the following would stop the reabsorption of glucose at the apical surface of the cells in the PCT?

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of Na+-K+ ATPase in the basolateral surface of PCT cells 
B)  loss of K+ leak channels at the apical surface 
C)  increasing Na+ concentration in the filtrate 
D)  increasing Na+ in the interstitial fluid

Question 4

The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is not permeable to water 
B)  is freely permeable to sodium and urea 
C)  contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla 
D)  pulls water by osmosis into the lumen of the tubule

Question 5

Sodium-linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called ________ water reabsorption.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sodium-linked water flow across a membrane not...

Question 6

Figure 25.2
Using Figure 25.2, match the following:
-Podocyte.

Accepted Answer

A) E 
B) C 
C) D 
D) B 
E) A

Question 7

What are aquaporins?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are aquaporins?...

Question 8

Bulk flow of nutrients,ions and water into the peritubular capillaries is the result of all of the following except one.Select the answer below that does not describe a cause of bulk flow of fluids into the peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A)  higher osmotic pressure in the peritubular capillary 
B)  increased resistance to blood flow at the efferent arteriole 
C)  leaky tight junctions of peritubular capillary's endothelium 
D)  lower hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular capillary

Question 9

Match the following:
-Glomerulus.

Accepted Answer

A) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. 
B) Site of filtrate formation. 
C) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs

Question 10

If the glomerular mesangial cells contract,reducing the overall surface area of the glomerulus which of the following is not likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systemic blood pressure will be lowered. 
B)  Glomerular filtration rate will decrease. 
C)  Net filtration rate will decrease. 
D)  Urine output will decrease.

Question 11

ADH activated water channels called ________ are essential for water reabsorption in the collecting duct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ADH activated water channels called ________ are...

Question 12

The presence of protein in the urine indicates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  too much protein in the diet 
B)  damage to the filtration membrane 
C)  high levels of transcription and translation by the bodies tissues 
D)  damage to the renal tubules

Question 13

The ________ artery lies on the boundary between the cortex and medulla of the kidney.

Accepted Answer

A)  interlobar 
B)  cortical radiate 
C)  arcuate 
D)  lobar

Question 14

Aldosterone is a hormone that causes the renal tubules to reclaim sodium ions from the filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Match the following:
-Peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells. 
B) Site of filtrate formation. 
C) Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule. 
D) Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs

Question 16

What is the most direct function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of excretion by the kidneys 
B)  help regulate blood pressure and the rate of blood filtration by the kidneys 
C)  help regulate water and electrolyte excretion by the kidneys 
D)  help regulate urea absorption by the kidneys

Question 17

Which of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

Accepted Answer

A)  form a large volume of very dilute urine or a small volume of very concentrated urine 
B)  absorb electrolytes actively and water by osmosis in the same segments 
C)  absorb water and electrolytes into the tubular network 
D)  form a large volume of very concentrated urine or a small volume of very dilute urine

Question 18

Which of the choices below are the most important hormone regulators of electrolyte reabsorption and secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin I and epinephrine 
B)  angiotensin I and atrial natriuretic peptide 
C)  angiotensin II and ADH 
D)  angiotensin II and aldosterone

Question 19

Glomerular filtration is an ATP-driven process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Figure 25.1
Using Figure 25.1, match the following:
-Peritubular capillaries.

Accepted Answer

A) B 
B) C 
C) A 
D) D 
E) E

Exam 25: The Urinary System