Question 1

While numerous groups such as Black Girls Code have tried to encourage women of color to enter industries traditionally dominated by white males,such women continue to be underrepresented in top levels of employment in these industries.What term do sociologists use to describe this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A) the split labor market 
B) the glass ceiling 
C) the cement wall 
D) the glass escalator

Question 2

Explain the two sides of the debate surrounding the claim that high levels of immigration lead to racial disparities in income levels.Which side do you find most convincing and why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the two sides of the debate...

Question 3

Juliana,whose parents are immigrants from the Dominican Republic,was the first person in her family to go to college.Her parents,who recently retired after years of work as domestic servants,like to tell their friends that the family is wealthy now that their daughter has graduated from medical school.Why is their boast about their family wealth not quite accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) They forget that most wealth is passed down through family generations and that having a high income is not the same thing as having wealth. 
B) They naively place their faith in a woman as a breadwinner. 
C) They ignore the power of government programs in helping families get out of poverty. 
D) They forget that doctors' incomes will decline because of the Affordable Care Act.

Question 4

According to the textbook,Mexican immigrants who work in Nebraskan meatpacking plants primarily contend for jobs with:

Accepted Answer

A) semiskilled African Americans 
B) immigrants from Somalia 
C) poor whites 
D) Native Americans

Question 5

Shelley and Sam,an African American married couple,have a new home in a middle-class neighborhood.Though they are both lawyers and have experienced economic success,they continue to be troubled by the amount of daily discrimination they and their children face.In Black Bourgeoisie,Sociologist E.Franklin Frazier would describe their predicament as a kind of:

Accepted Answer

A) physical isolation 
B) spiritual suffering 
C) economic deprivation 
D) first world problem

Question 6

Between 1984 and 2009,what happened to the wealth gap between white and black families?

Accepted Answer

A) The wealth gap virtually disappeared. 
B) The wealth gap nearly doubled. 
C) The wealth gap nearly tripled. 
D) The wealth gap nearly quadrupled.

Question 7

What was one outcome of the New Deal?

Accepted Answer

A) It created greater income equality by almost eliminating segregation in public schools. 
B) Because many jobs and industries that predominantly employed people of color were excluded from its programs,the benefits of the New Deal were disproportionately applied to whites. 
C) It allowed people of color greater access to mortgage loans and desegregated neighborhoods,which in turn provided opportunities for them to build household wealth. 
D) Southern Republicans celebrated the legislation,which outlawed Jim Crow policies.

Question 8

According to the textbook,many Americans oppose affirmative action on the grounds that it is "'reverse discrimination' or an affront to meritocracy." What are some reasons why it is ironic that some whites complain about blacks being given a "head start"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the textbook,many Americans oppose affirmative...

Question 9

What was the name of the policy put forward by President Bill Clinton that placed restrictions on how long families could receive welfare?

Accepted Answer

A) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program 
B) Aid to Families with Dependent Children 
C) Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act 
D) Earned Income Tax Credit

Question 10

Which of the following groups of workers might company executives refer to as "strike insurance"?

Accepted Answer

A) workers who never initiate strikes because they receive high pay and good benefits 
B) women workers who are too passive to initiate strikes 
C) African American workers who replace striking workers 
D) managers who strong-arm their employees into not striking

Question 11

What was one result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 and the 1980 Refugee Act?

Accepted Answer

A) European immigrants surged to the United States in record numbers. 
B) Refugees,asylum seekers,and undocumented immigrants were no longer permitted entry to the United States. 
C) Tens of thousands of Vietnamese refugees relocated to the United States in the mid-1970s. 
D) Mexican immigrants became one of the wealthiest immigration groups,with just a 2 percent poverty rate for first-generation children.

Question 12

What happened when antipoverty programs became intertwined with antiracism movements?

Accepted Answer

A) People of color entered PhD programs at higher rates. 
B) The racial employment gap dramatically decreased. 
C) Whites began turning away from the Democratic Party and their new policies. 
D) Welfare use went down,especially among African Americans.

Question 13

In order to determine if and how discrimination affects hiring decisions,sociologists conduct studies in which they send paired actors to apply for real jobs.The actors are equal in every way aside from race.What are these studies called?

Accepted Answer

A) audit studies 
B) ethnography 
C) survey studies 
D) conversation analysis

Question 14

In the discussion of income and wealth disparities,the authors of the textbook argue that banks and financial institutions work against their own economic interests when it comes to race.What do they mean by that?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the discussion of income and wealth...

Question 15

According to social scientists,what is one result of affirmative action?

Accepted Answer

A) Most women and blacks feel that affirmative action has played a major role in their employment opportunities. 
B) The self-esteem of women and people of color has been impacted negatively,especially with regard to self-efficacy at work. 
C) Most women and people of color feel that their coworkers doubt their abilities because of affirmative action. 
D) People hired through affirmative action policies do just as well as those not hired through affirmative action policies.

Question 16

According to Herbert Blumer,how can we best understand the way that people's personal feelings of prejudice and discrimination are shaped by how they perceive their employment opportunities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Herbert Blumer,how can we best...

Question 17

Federally mandated affirmative action rules apply only to companies that conduct a fair amount of business with the federal government,which is about what percentage of American firms?

Accepted Answer

A) 3 percent 
B) 15 percent 
C) 30 percent 
D) 59 percent

Question 18

Bobby makes fun of Ralph,whose family is American Indian,for being poor.According to Bobby,all American Indians should be "rich" from casino money.What is one thing that Bobby should know to reassess his assumption?

Accepted Answer

A) The majority of American Indian income comes from agriculture. 
B) A small group of American Indian tribes profit from casinos. 
C) American Indian gaming dividends for specific tribal individuals and families are subject to such high taxes that they do not benefit families. 
D) The U.S.government,rather than Native American tribes,profits most from American Indian casino money.

Question 19

What conclusion is shown in the figure below,"2009 Median Household Income by Race"?

Accepted Answer

A) Whites inherit less wealth than other racial/ethnic groups. 
B) Whites inherit more wealth than other racial/ethnic groups. 
C) Whites make more money than other racial/ethnic groups,but only because they work more hours. 
D) Whites make more money than other racial/ethnic groups,even when they work the same hours.

Question 20

Those who argue that employment disparities can be improved by simply providing people of color with better work training promote their belief in:

Accepted Answer

A) impersonal market forces 
B) institutional racism 
C) interpersonal racism 
D) affirmative action

Exam 4: Economics