Question 1

Which of the following is a disadvantage of protein gel electrophoresis?
1)Nonsoluble,hydrophobic proteins cannot readily be analyzed.
2)It focuses on gene products rather than on the genes themselves.
3)It tells nothing about variation in the nongenic portion of a genome.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   1 and 2
E)   All of these E

Question 2

In evolutionary genetics a group of populations that share a common gene pool is known as a/an

Accepted Answer

A)   class.
B)   order.
C)   genus.
D)   species.
E)   family. D

Question 3

How can the rate of evolution be determined using a phylogenetic tree?
1)Link the branch points of a tree to specific times in the evolutionary history of the sequences
2)Link the common ancestor to a specific evolutionary era in history
3)Link the analogous sequences to specific times in evolutionary history

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   1 and 2
E)   None of these A

Question 4

The best phylogenetic tree is one that requires the fewest mutational changes to explain the evolution of all the tree's sequences from a common ancestor.This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   the principle of partrology.
B)   the principle of topology.
C)   the principle of parsimony.
D)   the principle of topography.
E)   the principle of homology.

Question 5

Which type of evidence was used by Darwin to propose that species evolve?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA
B)   Protein structure
C)   Nucleotide sequence
D)   Fossils
E)   All of these

Question 6

Different colored bands on the shells of land snails would be classified as what type of variation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Molecular variation
B)   Chromosomal variation
C)   Phenotypic variation
D)   Molecular variation and chromosomal variation
E)   Chromosomal variation and phenotypic variation

Question 7

In the study of polytene chromosomes among Drosophila it was determined that:
1)Different arrangements predominated different geographical regions.
2)Frequencies of the arrangements changed seasonally.
3)Long-term changes in the frequencies of arrangements occur in some populations.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   1 and 2
E)   All of these

Question 8

How do geneticists explain the variation in evolution rates?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do geneticists explain the variation in...

Question 9

Which of the following would be the best example of polymorphisms changing in various environments?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yellow eyes and white wings in Drosophila
B)   The Duffy polymorphism in humans
C)   The light and dark forms of the Peppered moth
D)   The white and blue flowers of Lianthus parryae
E)   All of these

Question 10

Which of the following is not a common feature shared by the methods used to construct a phylogenetic tree?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aligning the sequences to allow comparisons among them
B)   Ascertaining the amount of similarity (or difference)  between any two sequences
C)   Grouping the sequences on the basis of similarity
D)   Placing the sequences at the tips of a tree
E)   Placing a chromosome map at the base of each tree

Question 11

The status of the Duffy polymorphism for blood type varies among

Accepted Answer

A)   individual members of the same family.
B)   human ethnic groups.
C)   human religious groups.
D)   inbred family groups.
E)   None of these

Question 12

Darwin proposed that a species changes as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)   generations of malnutrition.
B)   generations of competition among individuals.
C)   lack of intelligence.
D)   genetic abnormalities.
E)   None of these

Question 13

Which of the following is not an advantage of studying evolution through the use of DNA and proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA and protein sequences follow simple rules of heredity.
B)   Molecular sequence data are easy to obtain.
C)   Molecular sequence data are amenable to quantitative analyses framed in the context of evolutionary genetics theory.
D)   Researchers usually cannot obtain DNA or protein sequence data from extinct organisms.
E)   Molecular sequence data allow researchers to investigate evolutionary relationships among organisms that are phenotypically very dissimilar.

Question 14

Nucelotide differences that have no effect on the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide are known as

Accepted Answer

A)   null polymorphisms.
B)   lethal polymorphisms.
C)   isopolymorphisms.
D)   silent polymorphisms.
E)   missense polymorphisms.

Question 15

Which of the following is not considered a polymorphism?

Accepted Answer

A)   Light and dark forms of Peppered moths
B)   White or blue flowered Lianthus parryae
C)   Blood types
D)   White eyes in Drosophila
E)   All of these

Question 16

What are the advantages of studying evolution using DNA and protein sequences as compared to more traditional methods such as comparative anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the advantages of studying evolution...

Question 17

What can be can be determined by calculating the average number of amino acid or nucleotide changes that have occurred per site in a molecule since two or more evolving lineages diverged from a common ancestor?
1)The amount of phenotypic evolution
2)The rate of molecular evolution
3)The future of phenotypic evolution

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   1 and 3
E)   All of these

Question 18

Which of the following principles grounded Darwin's work and allowed for an explanation of how variations are inherited?
1)Wallace's theory of inheritance
2)Mendel's principles of inheritance
3)Morgan's principles of inheritance

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   1 and 2
E)   1 and 3

Question 19

Even if they have diverged significantly from the ancestor and are different from each other descendants of an ancestral DNA or protein sequence are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)   homologous.
B)   heterologous.
C)   analogous.
D)   heterozygous.
E)   homozygous.

Question 20

Allozymes differ from each other by

Accepted Answer

A)   one amino acid in their central sequence.
B)   one or more amino acids in their overall sequences.
C)   less than one amino acid in their central sequences.
D)   the tertiary structure.
E)   None of these

Exam 24: Evolutionary Genetics

Which of the following is a disadvantage of protein gel electrophoresis? 1) Nonsoluble,hydrophobic proteins cannot readily be analyzed. 2) It focuses on gene products rather than on the genes themselves. 3) It tells nothing about variation in the nongenic portion of a genome.