Question 1

How many kilowatt . hours of energy are released from 25 g of deuterium  fuel in the fusion reaction:  where the masses are  = 2.014 102 u and  = 4.002 603 u. Notes: Ignore the energy carried off by the gamma ray.
Conversion factors: 1 kWh = 3.600 × 106 J; 1 eV = 1.602 × 10-19 J.

Accepted Answer

A) 1 × 106 kWh 
B) 2 × 106 kWh 
C) 3 × 106 kWh 
D) 4 × 106 kWh 
E) 5 × 106 kWh

Question 2

Nucleus A has Z protons and N neutrons. Nucleus B has 2Z protons and 2N neutrons. Nucleus A has a smaller binding energy per nucleon than B. Which entry in the table below is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 3

Which one of the following particles is not composed of quarks?

Accepted Answer

A) neutron 
B) muon 
C) pion 
D) kaon 
E) proton

Question 4

A biological tissue is irradiated with neutrons. The biologically equivalent dose of the neutrons is 2.6 × 102 rem. Determine the RBE of the neutrons if the absorbed dose is 130 rd.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 
B) 2.0 
C) 4.0 
D) 5.0 
E) 25

Question 5

Which source of radiation contributes most to the average biological equivalent dose received by a United States resident?

Accepted Answer

A) radon gas 
B) cosmic rays 
C) consumer products 
D) medical diagnostics 
E) internal radioactive nuclei

Question 6

What absorbed dose of protons with an RBE of 17 will cause the same damage to biological tissue as a 200 rd dose of neutrons that have an RBE of 2.6?

Accepted Answer

A) 3.8 rd 
B) 12 rd 
C) 26 rd 
D) 52 rd 
E) 520 rd

Question 7

Complete the following statement: The average biologically equivalent dose of radiation from consumer products received by a resident of the United States is about

Accepted Answer

A) 10 mrem/yr. 
B) 15 mrem/yr. 
C) 20 mrem/yr. 
D) 50 mrem/yr. 
E) 200 mrem/yr.

Question 8

What is the antiparticle of an electron?

Accepted Answer

A) $\pi$+ 
B) v+ 
C) electron (self) 
D) photon 
E) $\beta$+

Question 9

A physicist wishes to measure the exposure of a beam of gamma rays. The beam is passed through 2.00 × 10-2 kg of dry air at STP. The beam produces positive ions in the air which have a total charge of 3.87 × 10-6 C. What is the exposure (in roentgens) of the beam?

Accepted Answer

A) 7.74 × 10-8 R 
B) 1.94 × 10-4 R 
C) 3.25 × 10-2 R 
D) 0.750 R 
E) 1.25 R

Question 10

A radiologist absorbs 4.0 × 10-5 J of radiation. Determine the absorbed dose if his mass is 74.0 kg.

Accepted Answer

A) 3.8 × 10-7 Gy 
B) 6.3 × 10-7 Gy 
C) 5.4 × 10-7 Gy 
D) 4.6 × 10-7 Gy 
E) 5.1 × 10-7 Gy

Question 11

Consider the nuclear reaction  and the masses:  = 235.0439 u;  = 93.9063 u; n = 1.008 67 u. If 208.66 MeV of energy is released in this reaction, determine the mass of X.

Accepted Answer

A) 38.970 u 
B) 39.962 u 
C) 40.962 u 
D) 84.589 u 
E) 139.905 u

Question 12

Determine the amount of energy released in the following reaction:  where  = 4.002 603 u and  = 12.000 000 u.

Accepted Answer

A) 2.27 MeV 
B) 3.01 MeV 
C) 3.73 MeV 
D) 4.37 MeV 
E) 7.27 MeV

Question 13

Astronomers studying the light from calcium atoms located in a galaxy in the constellation Boötes find that the spectral lines are shifted toward the red end of the spectrum. The redshift indicates that the galaxy is moving away at a speed of 3.9 × 106 m/s. What is the distance (in light . years) to the galaxy?

Accepted Answer

A) 4.7 × 109 light . years 
B) 2.3 × 108 light .years 
C) 1.1 × 107 light . years 
D) 8.4 × 106 light . years 
E) 6.6 × 104 light . years

Question 14

In the induced nuclear reaction,  , the reaction produces neon in an excited state, which subsequently decays into a nucleus X and a particle Y. Which one of the following X and Y pairs is not possible?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 15

Complete the following statement: The term ionizing radiation does not apply to

Accepted Answer

A) alpha particles. 
B) electrons. 
C) X-ray photons. 
D) positrons. 
E) radio photons.

Question 16

Determine the atomic number Z and the nucleon number A in the following reaction:  .

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 17

In the medical diagnostic technique known as positron emission tomography (PET), a positron and an electron annihilate each other and two $\gamma$-ray photons are emitted. What is the angle between the momentum vectors of the two photons?

Accepted Answer

A) zero degrees 
B) 45° 
C) 90° 
D) 180° 
E) Any angle is possible.

Question 18

What is the importance of thermal neutrons in nuclear processes?

Accepted Answer

A) Thermal neutron capture results in uranium fission. 
B) Thermal neutrons are released in radioactive decay. 
C) Thermal neutrons are necessary in the fusion of deuterium. 
D) Thermal neutrons are commonly released in fusion reactions. 
E) Thermal neutrons are sources of gamma rays.

Question 19

Which one of the following statements is true concerning the reaction  where  has a mass of 2.014 u;  has a mass of 4.003 u;  has a mass of 6.015 u; and 1 u = 931.5 MeV?

Accepted Answer

A) The reaction releases 14 MeV. 
B) The reaction releases 21 MeV. 
C) The reaction releases 36 MeV. 
D) The reaction requires 14 MeV to occur. 
E) The reaction requires 21 MeV to occur.

Question 20

Which one of the following statements is the best explanation as to why nuclear fusion is not at present used to generate electric power?

Accepted Answer

A) Fusion produces too much radiation. 
B) Fusion requires isotopes that are scarce. 
C) Fusion processes can result in nuclear explosions. 
D) Fusion results in large amounts of radioactive waste. 
E) Fusion requires very high temperatures that are difficult to contain.

Exam 32: Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Energy, and Elementary Particles

How many kilowatt . hours of energy are released from 25 g of deuterium fuel in the fusion reaction: where the masses are = 2.014 102 u and = 4.002 603 u. Notes: Ignore the energy carried off by the gamma ray. Conversion factors: 1 kWh = 3.600 × 10⁶ J; 1 eV = 1.602 × 10^-¹⁹ J.

Nucleus A has Z protons and N neutrons. Nucleus B has 2Z protons and 2N neutrons. Nucleus A has a smaller binding energy per nucleon than B. Which entry in the table below is correct?

Which one of the following particles is not composed of quarks?

A biological tissue is irradiated with neutrons. The biologically equivalent dose of the neutrons is 2.6 × 10² rem. Determine the RBE of the neutrons if the absorbed dose is 130 rd.

Which source of radiation contributes most to the average biological equivalent dose received by a United States resident?

What absorbed dose of protons with an RBE of 17 will cause the same damage to biological tissue as a 200 rd dose of neutrons that have an RBE of 2.6?

Complete the following statement: The average biologically equivalent dose of radiation from consumer products received by a resident of the United States is about

What is the antiparticle of an electron?

A physicist wishes to measure the exposure of a beam of gamma rays. The beam is passed through 2.00× 10^-²kg of dry air at STP. The beam produces positive ions in the air which have a total charge of 3.87 × 10^-⁶C. What is the exposure (in roentgens) of the beam?

A radiologist absorbs 4.0 × 10^-⁵ J of radiation. Determine the absorbed dose if his mass is 74.0 kg.

Consider the nuclear reaction and the masses: = 235.0439 u; = 93.9063 u; n = 1.008 67 u. If 208.66 MeV of energy is released in this reaction, determine the mass of X.

Determine the amount of energy released in the following reaction: where = 4.002 603 u and = 12.000 000 u.

In the induced nuclear reaction, , the reaction produces neon in an excited state, which subsequently decays into a nucleus X and a particle Y. Which one of the following X and Y pairs is not possible?

Complete the following statement: The term ionizing radiation does not apply to

Determine the atomic number Z and the nucleon number A in the following reaction: .

In the medical diagnostic technique known as positron emission tomography (PET) , a positron and an electron annihilate each other and two $\gamma$ -ray photons are emitted. What is the angle between the momentum vectors of the two photons?

What is the importance of thermal neutrons in nuclear processes?

Which one of the following statements is true concerning the reaction where has a mass of 2.014 u; has a mass of 4.003 u; has a mass of 6.015 u; and 1 u = 931.5 MeV?

Which one of the following statements is the best explanation as to why nuclear fusion is not at present used to generate electric power?

Exam 32: Ionizing Radiation, Nuclear Energy, and Elementary Particles

How many kilowatt . hours of energy are released from 25 g of deuterium fuel in the fusion reaction: where the masses are = 2.014 102 u and = 4.002 603 u. Notes: Ignore the energy carried off by the gamma ray. Conversion factors: 1 kWh = 3.600 × 106 J; 1 eV = 1.602 × 10-19 J.

Nucleus A has Z protons and N neutrons. Nucleus B has 2Z protons and 2N neutrons. Nucleus A has a smaller binding energy per nucleon than B. Which entry in the table below is correct?

Which one of the following particles is not composed of quarks?

A biological tissue is irradiated with neutrons. The biologically equivalent dose of the neutrons is 2.6 × 102 rem. Determine the RBE of the neutrons if the absorbed dose is 130 rd.

Which source of radiation contributes most to the average biological equivalent dose received by a United States resident?

What absorbed dose of protons with an RBE of 17 will cause the same damage to biological tissue as a 200 rd dose of neutrons that have an RBE of 2.6?

Complete the following statement: The average biologically equivalent dose of radiation from consumer products received by a resident of the United States is about

What is the antiparticle of an electron?

A physicist wishes to measure the exposure of a beam of gamma rays. The beam is passed through 2.00 × 10-2 kg of dry air at STP. The beam produces positive ions in the air which have a total charge of 3.87 × 10-6 C. What is the exposure (in roentgens) of the beam?

A radiologist absorbs 4.0 × 10-5 J of radiation. Determine the absorbed dose if his mass is 74.0 kg.

Consider the nuclear reaction and the masses: = 235.0439 u; = 93.9063 u; n = 1.008 67 u. If 208.66 MeV of energy is released in this reaction, determine the mass of X.

Determine the amount of energy released in the following reaction: where = 4.002 603 u and = 12.000 000 u.

In the induced nuclear reaction, , the reaction produces neon in an excited state, which subsequently decays into a nucleus X and a particle Y. Which one of the following X and Y pairs is not possible?

Complete the following statement: The term ionizing radiation does not apply to

Determine the atomic number Z and the nucleon number A in the following reaction: .

In the medical diagnostic technique known as positron emission tomography (PET) , a positron and an electron annihilate each other and two γ\gammaγ -ray photons are emitted. What is the angle between the momentum vectors of the two photons?

What is the importance of thermal neutrons in nuclear processes?

Which one of the following statements is true concerning the reaction where has a mass of 2.014 u; has a mass of 4.003 u; has a mass of 6.015 u; and 1 u = 931.5 MeV?

Which one of the following statements is the best explanation as to why nuclear fusion is not at present used to generate electric power?

How many kilowatt . hours of energy are released from 25 g of deuterium fuel in the fusion reaction: where the masses are = 2.014 102 u and = 4.002 603 u. Notes: Ignore the energy carried off by the gamma ray. Conversion factors: 1 kWh = 3.600 × 10⁶ J; 1 eV = 1.602 × 10^-¹⁹ J.

A biological tissue is irradiated with neutrons. The biologically equivalent dose of the neutrons is 2.6 × 10² rem. Determine the RBE of the neutrons if the absorbed dose is 130 rd.

A physicist wishes to measure the exposure of a beam of gamma rays. The beam is passed through 2.00× 10^-²kg of dry air at STP. The beam produces positive ions in the air which have a total charge of 3.87 × 10^-⁶C. What is the exposure (in roentgens) of the beam?

A radiologist absorbs 4.0 × 10^-⁵ J of radiation. Determine the absorbed dose if his mass is 74.0 kg.

In the medical diagnostic technique known as positron emission tomography (PET) , a positron and an electron annihilate each other and two $\gamma$ -ray photons are emitted. What is the angle between the momentum vectors of the two photons?