Question 1

Steroid hormones are chemically described as

Accepted Answer

A) molecules whose structure is clearly related to an amino acid,usually tyrosine. 
B) molecules containing a nucleus of four interconnected cyclic structures. 
C) molecules composed of three or more amino acids,but no secondary or tertiary structure. 
D) polypeptides with a high degree of secondary and tertiary structure. 
E) large protein molecules which are directly involved in the regulation of chemical reactions.

Question 2

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are good antidepressants because they

Accepted Answer

A) activate receptor sites. 
B) block receptor sites. 
C) increase the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters. 
D) decrease the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters. 
E) none of the above

Question 3

The receptors on the surfaces of cell membranes are

Accepted Answer

A) lipids. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) proteins. 
D) nucleic acids. 
E) steroids.

Question 4

Which hormone is an example of an amino acid derivative?

Accepted Answer

A) estrogen 
B) thyroxine 
C) growth hormone (GH) 
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) 
E) cortisone

Question 5

Match the following.
-hormone

Accepted Answer

A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone

Question 6

Match the following.
-norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone

Question 7

Which two types of hormones act by way of second messengers?
I.amino acid derivatives
II.enzymes
III.peptides
IV.steroids
V.zymogens

Accepted Answer

A) I and II 
B) I and III 
C) I and IV 
D) II and V 
E) III and IV

Question 8

The chemical structure of steroid hormones includes

Accepted Answer

A) ten or fewer amino acids. 
B) 10-50 amino acids. 
C) a carboxylic acid group and an alpha-hydroxy group. 
D) an aromatic ring and an alkene group. 
E) a central structure of four connected rings.

Question 9

Which type of steroids is mimicked by anabolic steroids?

Accepted Answer

A) estrogen 
B) progesterone 
C) testosterone 
D) norethindrone

Question 10

Compare the nervous system and the endocrine system with respect to chemical messengers used,and the messenger molecules' means of transport,specificity,and time lapse between release and effect.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare the nervous system and the endocrine...

Question 11

Match the following.
-drug

Accepted Answer

A) an example of a polypeptide hormone 
B) a site on a cell that interacts with some external chemical messenger in order to enable a response to occur 
C) an example of an amino acid hormone 
D) a chemical messenger that is produced in the nervous system 
E) a chemical messenger that is produced in the endocrine system and indirectly regulates biochemical processes
F)a substance introduced from outside the body that alters some body function
G)a molecule within a cell that is released in response to the interaction of a hormone or neurotransmitter with a receptor outside the cell
H)the intended site of a specific chemical reaction
I)an example of a steroid hormone

Question 12

Hormones regulate biochemical reactions by

Accepted Answer

A) performing the same role as enzymes in certain reactions. 
B) acting rapidly on receptor sites close to the point where the hormone was produced. 
C) acting to produce indirect effects on reactions occurring at some distance from the site of hormone production. 
D) interacting with substrates to prevent their participation in specific reactions. 
E) altering the properties of substrates and enzymes in the target reaction.

Question 13

Progestins are a specific type of steroid whose function is to

Accepted Answer

A) maintain pregnancy. 
B) promote development of secondary male sex characteristics. 
C) promote development of secondary female sex characteristics. 
D) regulate the sodium/potassium balance in cellular fluids. 
E) regulate glucose metabolism.

Question 14

Nerves that use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter are said to be

Accepted Answer

A) antagonized. 
B) cholinergic. 
C) cholinesterases. 
D) inhibited. 
E) sympathetic.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an amino acid derivative hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) thyroxine 
B) insulin 
C) theobromine 
D) antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 16

A drug that interacts with a receptor to produce or enhance its normal response is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) agonist. 
B) amino acid derivative. 
C) antagonist. 
D) hormone. 
E) steroid.

Question 17

A drug that interacts with a receptor to block or inhibit its normal response is a(an)

Accepted Answer

A) agonist. 
B) amino acid derivative. 
C) antagonist. 
D) hormone. 
E) steroid.

Question 18

The endocrine system is most often controlled by

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory hormones released by the hypothalamus upon stimulation from the pituitary gland. 
B) neurotransmitters produced in the brain. 
C) neurotransmitters produced in the spinal cord. 
D) regulatory hormones released by the pituitary gland upon stimulation from the hypothalamus. 
E) regulatory hormones released by the thyroid gland upon stimulation from the hypothalamus.

Question 19

List and briefly describe the chemical sequence of events in the fight-or-flight response to a threatening situation from the binding of epinephrine at the receptor site to readiness for another situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and briefly describe the chemical sequence...

Question 20

Which descriptions are true of neurotransmitters?
I.produced by the endocrine system
II.transported in the bloodstream
III.interact with cells in their direct pathway
IV.act within 1 second or less after release
V.effects are of short duration

Accepted Answer

A) I,II,IV 
B) II,III,V 
C) III,IV,V 
D) I,II 
E) IV,V

Exam 28: Chemical Messengers: Hormones, neurotransmitters, and Drugs