Question 1

Distinguish between the forms of RNA that exist in a typical cell.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Distinguish between the forms of RNA that...

Question 2

The number of hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine in DNA is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 3 
E) 4

Question 3

This question has three parts:
a.Describe the similarities and differences of purines and pyrimidines.
b.List the specific bases in each category that are important in nucleic acids.
c.Describe their interactions in DNA and RNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This question has three parts:
a.Describe the similarities...

Question 4

The type of nucleic acid that carries the information for protein synthesis from the nucleus to the cytoplasm is

Accepted Answer

A) DNA. 
B) mRNA. 
C) rRNA. 
D) tRNA.

Question 5

Which base is normally found in DNA but not in RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) thymine 
B) adenine 
C) guanine 
D) uracil 
E) cytosine

Question 6

Transcription and translation of the mRNA involved in protein synthesis occur in two different locations in the cell.Translation occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A) nucleus. 
B) mitochondria. 
C) cytoplasm. 
D) cell's membrane.

Question 7

What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose?

Accepted Answer

A) Deoxyribose is a D form,whereas ribose is an L form. 
B) Deoxyribose has one less oxygen atom than does ribose. 
C) Ribose is found in the straight chain structure,whereas deoxyribose is not. 
D) Ribose is a monosaccharide,but deoxyribose is a polysaccharide. 
E) All statements are incorrect.

Question 8

The process in which information from DNA is used to manufacture RNA is called

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) replication. 
C) transcription. 
D) translation. 
E) translocation.

Question 9

The most characteristic feature of all the bases found in either DNA or RNA is that

Accepted Answer

A) they are all nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. 
B) they are all six membered rings. 
C) they are all fused five and six membered rings. 
D) they all bond to the sugar ring through the number 1 carbon of the base. 
E) they all have at least one carbonyl group attached to the six-membered ring.

Question 10

Which statement does not correctly describe structural differences between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

A) RNA contains uracil instead of thymine. 
B) RNA molecules have a lower molecular mass than DNA molecules. 
C) RNA molecules are generally single-stranded. 
D) The sugar in RNA has one more hydroxyl group than the sugar in DNA. 
E) All of the statements are correct.

Question 11

Match the following.
-mRNA

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 12

Match the following.
-pyrimidine

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 13

rRNA is associated with what part of the cell?

Accepted Answer

A) cytoplasm 
B) mitochondrion 
C) nucleus 
D) ribosome 
E) cell membrane

Question 14

The process in which information contained in RNA is used to manufacture proteins is called

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) replication. 
C) transcription. 
D) translation. 
E) translocation.

Question 15

The backbone of a nucleic acid molecule consists of

Accepted Answer

A) alternating sugar and phosphate groups linked by phosphate ester bonds. 
B) alternating sugar and nitrogen base groups linked by amide bonds. 
C) alternating nitrogen bases and phosphate groups linked by amide bonds and strengthened by hydrogen bonds. 
D) sugar molecules bonded from the #3 carbon of one molecule to the #5 carbon of the other by glycosidic linkages. 
E) complementary bases joined by hydrogen bonds.

Question 16

All of the following are associated with replication of DNA except

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase. 
B) DNA ligase. 
C) hydrogen bonds. 
D) replication fork. 
E) amino acids.

Question 17

Match the following.
-tRNA

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 18

Match the following.
-purine

Accepted Answer

A) the ribonucleic acid that carries the code transcribed from DNA and directs protein synthesis 
B) a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule fused with a 5-membered heterocyclic molecule 
C) the type of ribonucleic acid that is part of the ribosome and protein complex that synthesizes other proteins 
D) a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose and one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids 
E) the sequence of nucleotides that specifies sequences of amino acids in protein synthesis
F)a specific chemical combination of ribose or deoxyribose,one of the five purine or pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids,and one or more phosphate groups
G)the ribonucleic acid whose function is to deliver the amino acids into position for protein synthesis
H)a group of three nucleotides in RNA that code for specific amino acids or for termination of the protein chain
I)one of two specific bases consisting of two interlocked heterocyclic rings and found in DNA and RNA
J)a category of base found in nucleic acids consisting of a 6-membered heterocyclic molecule
K)one of three specific bases consisting of a heterocyclic ring with various substituted functional groups and found in DNA and RNA

Question 19

The chemical combination of ribose and one of the five nitrogen bases results in formation of a

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide. 
B) nucleoside. 
C) DNA molecule. 
D) chromosome. 
E) gene.

Question 20

In a molecule of DNA,the sugar of one nucleotide binds through its ________ hydroxyl group to the ________ hydroxyl group of the next nucleotide by forming a phosphate ester.

Accepted Answer

A) 3' ; 5' 
B) 3' ; 3' 
C) 5' ; 5' 
D) 1' ; 3' 
E) 1' ; 5'

Exam 25: Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis