Question 1

A strong acid tends ________.

Accepted Answer

A) to be strongly polar 
B) to form negatively charged ions when dissolved in water 
C) to form positively charged ions when dissolved in water 
D) all of the above

Question 2

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a strong base, which means that it readily accepts hydrogen ions. What products are formed when sodium hydroxide accepts a hydrogen ion from a water molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) water and sodium hydroxide 
B) sodium hydroxide and hydronium ions 
C) sodium ions and hydronium ions 
D) sodium ions and water

Question 3

If the oceans became acidic, they would start to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) absorb more CO2, which would make them even more acidic 
B) release more CO2, which would raise the pH 
C) absorb more CO2, which would raise the pH 
D) release more CO2, which would make them even more acidic

Question 4

Which of the following statements about strong or weak acids is true?

Accepted Answer

A) A weak acid and a strong acid at the same concentration are equally corrosive. 
B) A weak acid readily forms ions when dissolved in water. 
C) A strong acid will never react with a strong base. 
D) A weak acid will react with a strong base.

Question 5

If we were to lower our rate of CO2 production by a third-down from 9 to 6 billion tons per year-the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere should ________.

Accepted Answer

A) start to decrease 
B) reach a steady state 
C) continue to increase 
D) It depends upon whether there are any major volcanic eruptions.

Question 6

Water is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Why is it not classified as a salt?

Accepted Answer

A) Not all acid base reactions produce a salt, as in the case with the formation of water. 
B) The attraction between the two ions in water molecules are too strong. 
C) By definition, a salt must be able to dissolve in water, so water itself cannot be called a salt. 
D) A salt is an ionic compound, whereas water is a covalent compound.

Question 7

What atom in the ammonium ion,  ⁺ bears the positive charge?

Accepted Answer

A) the nitrogen atom 
B) the hydrogen atom 
C) Neither atom bears a positive charge. 
D) Nitrogen and hydrogen equally share the positive charge.

Question 8

What do the brackets in the following equation represent? [H3O+] × [OH-] = Kw

Accepted Answer

A) The brackets mean the molarity of the compound inside them. 
B) The molecule inside does not react with the other molecules in brackets. 
C) The molecule in brackets is undergoing hydrogen bonding with the other molecule in brackets. 
D) The first molecule in brackets is an acid and it reacts with the second molecule in brackets, which is a base. 
E) none of the above

Question 9

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as a base? OH- + NH4+ → H2O + NH3

Accepted Answer

A) H2O 
B) NH3 
C) OH- 
D) NH4+ 
E) none of the above

Question 10

What is pH?

Accepted Answer

A) It is a numerical scale used to represent acidity or basicity. 
B) It is the negative of the log of the hydronium ion concentration. 
C) It is the negative of the log of the acidity of a solution. 
D) It is the F sound. 
E) both A and B

Question 11

What does the value of  say about the extent to which water molecule react with themselves?

Accepted Answer

A) Because the value of  is so small, the extent to which water ionizes is quite large. 
B) Because the value of  is so small, the extent to which water ionizes is quite small. 
C) Water molecules react with themselves at a constant rate, never increasing or decreasing. 
D) When an acid is added to water, the value of  will decrease.

Question 12

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H2O + NH3 → OH- + NH4+

Accepted Answer

A) H2O 
B) NH3 
C) OH- 
D) NH4+ 
E) none of the above

Question 13

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a very strong base. If a concentrated solution of this base were to spill on a latex glove you were wearing, it would feel like regular water. If the solution were to land directly on your skin, however, it would feel very slippery. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) The sodium hydroxide solution is reacting with your skin oils and transforming them into soap, which feels slippery. 
B) The strong NaOH solution lifts the oil directly out of the skin cells and you feel the oil as a slippery sensation as it floats on the skin surface. 
C) NaOH kills skin cells on contact. The dissolved skin cells feel slippery because the cells still contain the natural oils of the skin. 
D) One of the properties of sodium hydroxide is that it is slippery. You are simply not able to sense the the slippery feel through a latex glove.

Question 14

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + H3O+

Accepted Answer

A) acid 
B) base 
C) neither 
D) both 
E) none of the above

Question 15

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? OH- + NH4+ → H2O + NH3

Accepted Answer

A) H2O 
B) NH3 
C) OH- 
D) NH4+ 
E) none of the above

Question 16

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO3 + KOH ⇌ ???? + H2O

Accepted Answer

A) KNO3 
B) H3ONO3 
C) KOH2 
D) KOH2NO3 
E) none of the above

Question 17

Which of the following statements about buffers is untrue?

Accepted Answer

A) The pH of a buffer solution cannot change. 
B) Addition of small amounts of acid to a buffer changes the pH. 
C) Addition of small amounts of base to a buffer changes the pH. 
D) A salt from the reaction of a strong acid and a strong base can be used to make a buffer. 
E) None of the above are true.

Question 18

Some molecules are able to stabilize a negative charge by passing it from one atom to the next by a flip-flopping of double bonds. This occurs when the negative charge is one atom away from an oxygen double bond as follows. Note that the curved arrows indicate the movement of electrons:  Why then is sulfuric acid so much stronger an acid than carbonic acid?

Accepted Answer

A) In sulfuric acid, the negative charge is able to flip-flop to two additional oxygens rather than only one as is the case for carbonic acid. 
B) The two double bonded oxygens in   tend to destabilize the single bonded oxygens once the hydrogen ions form, thus making sulfuric acid more acidic. 
C) Since carbonic acid has resonance stabilization and sulfuric acid does not, sulfuric acid is less stable and more acidic. 
D) The acid strength of two comparative molecules is directly proportional to the number of number of oxygens directly bonded to the central atom. Sulfuric acid, having four such oxygens, is more acidic.

Question 19

Why might an area with a large amount of limestone (CaCO3)be less susceptible to acid rain?

Accepted Answer

A) The acid in the rain is neutralized by the natural base in the limestone. 
B) The rain travels quickly through the porous limestone and therefore the rate of reaction is slower. 
C) Limestone is degraded by acid rain and therefore acid rain has the same damaging effects. 
D) Only acid rain made from sulfur compounds reacts with the limestone. 
E) none of the above

Question 20

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H2O + H2SO4 → H3O+ + HSO4-

Accepted Answer

A) H2SO4 
B) H2O 
C) H3O+ 
D) HSO4- 
E) none of the above

Exam 10: Acids and Bases in Our Environment

A strong acid tends ________.

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a strong base, which means that it readily accepts hydrogen ions. What products are formed when sodium hydroxide accepts a hydrogen ion from a water molecule?

If the oceans became acidic, they would start to ________.

Which of the following statements about strong or weak acids is true?

If we were to lower our rate of CO₂ production by a third-down from 9 to 6 billion tons per year-the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere should ________.

Water is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Why is it not classified as a salt?

What atom in the ammonium ion, _⁺ bears the positive charge?

What do the brackets in the following equation represent? [H₃O⁺] × [OH^-] = K_w

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as a base? OH^- + NH₄⁺ → H₂O + NH₃

What is pH?

What does the value of say about the extent to which water molecule react with themselves?

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H₂O + NH₃ → OH^- + NH₄⁺

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a very strong base. If a concentrated solution of this base were to spill on a latex glove you were wearing, it would feel like regular water. If the solution were to land directly on your skin, however, it would feel very slippery. Why?

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H₃PO₄ + H₂O ⇌ H₂PO₄^- + H₃O⁺

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? OH^- + NH₄⁺ → H₂O + NH₃

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO₃ + KOH ⇌ ???? + H₂O

Which of the following statements about buffers is untrue?

Why might an area with a large amount of limestone (CaCO₃) be less susceptible to acid rain?

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H₂O + H₂SO₄ → H₃O⁺ + HSO₄^-

Exam 10: Acids and Bases in Our Environment

A strong acid tends ________.

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a strong base, which means that it readily accepts hydrogen ions. What products are formed when sodium hydroxide accepts a hydrogen ion from a water molecule?

If the oceans became acidic, they would start to ________.

Which of the following statements about strong or weak acids is true?

If we were to lower our rate of CO2 production by a third-down from 9 to 6 billion tons per year-the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere should ________.

Water is formed from the reaction of an acid and a base. Why is it not classified as a salt?

What atom in the ammonium ion, ⁺ bears the positive charge?

What do the brackets in the following equation represent? [H3O+] × [OH-] = Kw

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as a base? OH- + NH4+ → H2O + NH3

What is pH?

What does the value of say about the extent to which water molecule react with themselves?

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H2O + NH3 → OH- + NH4+

Sodium hydroxide, NaOH, is a very strong base. If a concentrated solution of this base were to spill on a latex glove you were wearing, it would feel like regular water. If the solution were to land directly on your skin, however, it would feel very slippery. Why?

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H3PO4 + H2O ⇌ H2PO4- + H3O+

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? OH- + NH4+ → H2O + NH3

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO3 + KOH ⇌ ???? + H2O

Which of the following statements about buffers is untrue?

Why might an area with a large amount of limestone (CaCO3) be less susceptible to acid rain?

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H2O + H2SO4 → H3O+ + HSO4-

If we were to lower our rate of CO₂ production by a third-down from 9 to 6 billion tons per year-the concentration of CO₂ in the atmosphere should ________.

What atom in the ammonium ion, _⁺ bears the positive charge?

What do the brackets in the following equation represent? [H₃O⁺] × [OH^-] = K_w

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as a base? OH^- + NH₄⁺ → H₂O + NH₃

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H₂O + NH₃ → OH^- + NH₄⁺

For the following reaction, identify whether the compound in bold is behaving as an acid or a base. H₃PO₄ + H₂O ⇌ H₂PO₄^- + H₃O⁺

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? OH^- + NH₄⁺ → H₂O + NH₃

For the following acid-base reaction, identify what compound is formed in the space marked. HNO₃ + KOH ⇌ ???? + H₂O

Why might an area with a large amount of limestone (CaCO₃) be less susceptible to acid rain?

According to the following reaction, which molecule is acting as an acid? H₂O + H₂SO₄ → H₃O⁺ + HSO₄^-