Question 1

Which of the following procedures is essential after an experiment involving the use of deception?

Accepted Answer

A) debriefing 
B) IRB proposal 
C) research evaluation form 
D) legal disclaimer statement

Question 2

For a class research project,students conceal themselves in bathroom stalls in order to observe conversational behavior of individuals at sinks in the washroom.They count the number of words spoken by women and men in their respective washrooms.An important ethical issue in this research is

Accepted Answer

A) debriefing. 
B) privacy. 
C) informed consent. 
D) deception.

Question 3

Researchers must make use of special safeguards to protect human participants when

Accepted Answer

A) informed consent is not required. 
B) more than minimal risk is present. 
C) behavior is observed in the public domain. 
D) anonymous questionnaires are useD.

Question 4

When the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated in the research are not greater than those encountered in daily life or during the performance of routine tests,we say that the risk is

Accepted Answer

A) minor risk. 
B) daily risk. 
C) static risk. 
D) minimal risk.

Question 5

Which of the following represents the basic question addressed by the risk/benefit ratio?

Accepted Answer

A) Are the risks in a study greater than minimal risk? 
B) Are the benefits (to individual participants and society)of a study greater than the risks? 
C) Will the researcher's reputation be enhanced or hurt by the study's findings? 
D) Are the benefits gained by individuals greater than the risks posed to society?

Question 6

The right of individuals to decide how information about them is to be communicated to others is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A) confidentiality. 
B) anonymity. 
C) privacy. 
D) self-determination.

Question 7

Ethical issues associated with Internet (online)research

Accepted Answer

A) include informed consent,debriefing,and confidentiality. 
B) are not as serious as those associated with in-person research. 
C) are not subject to the APA Code of Ethics. 
D) all of these

Question 8

A student researcher learns during a debriefing procedure that participants misunderstood the instructions for the research task.This clearly demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A) the research project should have used deception. 
B) the study likely involved more than minimal risk. 
C) researchers also can benefit from the debriefing procedure. 
D) the order of publication credit should be reviseD.

Question 9

Which of the following uses of deception is always unethical?

Accepted Answer

A) deceiving participants to get them to adopt certain attitudes or behaviors 
B) deceiving participants to gain access to a particular group or setting 
C) deceiving participants to be able to implement a specific independent variable 
D) deceiving participants to get them to take part in research that involves serious risk

Question 10

Final responsibility for conducting research in an ethical manner rests with the

Accepted Answer

A) Institutional Review Board (IR
B) . 
B) United States Department of Research. 
C) investigator. 
D) department chairperson.

Question 11

According to the APA Ethical Standards,psychologists must inform participants of the nature of the research and that participants are free to participate or to decline to participate or to withdraw from the research.These requirements (among others)are necessary to ensure the participants'

Accepted Answer

A) anonymity and confidentiality. 
B) informed consent. 
C) risk level. 
D) debriefing.

Question 12

The ethical standards of the APA's ethics code

Accepted Answer

A) provide principles for conducting research that are never contradictory. 
B) include clear rules for how research should be conducted in specific situations. 
C) provide a set of specific rules for how to solve ethical dilemmas in psychological research. 
D) are general ethical principles that researchers apply to their own research situation.

Question 13

Ethical problems can best be avoided by careful planning and by consulting appropriate individuals

Accepted Answer

A) only if a colleague raises a question. 
B) prior to beginning the research. 
C) after testing several participants. 
D) after the research has been completeD.

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of the dimensions that Deiner and Crandall suggest a researcher should consider when deciding what information is private and what safeguards should be employed?

Accepted Answer

A) sensitivity of the information 
B) setting in which behavior is observed 
C) how the information will be disseminated 
D) source of the information

Question 15

Debriefing following the use of deception should include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A) an explanation for the use of deception. 
B) a report of the number of people who were tricked by the deception,and the number who figured it out. 
C) an attempt to address any misconceptions participants may have about the research. 
D) an effort to remove any harmful effects resulting from the deception.

Question 16

Making an ethical decision involves

Accepted Answer

A) simply applying a clear and definitive set of guidelines for ethical research. 
B) deciding that an ethical decision is good if it makes everyone happy. 
C) identifying what ethical guidelines are relevant in a situation and what is at stake for all parties involved. 
D) maintaining the anonymity of the researchers who are conducting the research.

Question 17

If a psychology student wants to do research involving human participants,which of the following has the ultimate authority to approve,disapprove,or require modifications prior to the approval of the student's research?

Accepted Answer

A) department chairperson 
B) faculty sponsor of the research 
C) Institutional Review Board (IR
B)  
D) the university's IACUC

Question 18

When writing a report describing a class research project,a student paraphrased some material from a psychology journal article.In order to avoid a charge of plagiarism,the student should

Accepted Answer

A) identify the author and publication year of the journal article in the same sentence as the paraphrased material. 
B) list the article in a bibliography at the end of the report,but not identify it in the text of the report. 
C) include quotation marks around the paraphrased material. 
D) identify the author of the journal article at the end of the paragraph in which the material was citeD.

Question 19

In which of the following situations could individuals be vulnerable to excessive inducement or pressure to participate in research?

Accepted Answer

A) paying college students $2 an hour to be in a psychology experiment 
B) asking college students to participate in research to fulfill a class requirement and giving them an alternative method to meet the requirement 
C) requiring prisoners to participate in a psychology experiment 
D) all of these

Question 20

Presenting substantial portions of another person's work as your own is called

Accepted Answer

A) misappropriation. 
B) paraphrasing. 
C) plagiarism. 
D) fallacious bibliography.

Exam 3: Ethical Issues in the Conduct of Psychological Research