Question 1

Kant rejected the notion that ethics was based on human psychology.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following is not a problem the text raised with divine command theory of ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is a lack of agreement as to which religious authority should be the basis of ethics. 
B)  Some ethical questions cannot be answered by traditional religious traditions apart from philosophical considerations. 
C)  Some nonreligious people are morally good persons but do not derive their morality from any religious tradition. 
D)  Most religious traditions are concerned with the afterlife and do not address ethical issues.

Question 3

Kant believed it would be wrong to lie even if the lie produced good consequences.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A problem that the text raised with the divine command theory of ethics is that

Accepted Answer

A)  no intelligent person believes in God. 
B)  many morally abhorrent actions have been defended on the basis of God's commands. 
C)  if moral goodness is defined in terms of God's will,it makes it meaningless to say God's will is good. 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

According to Kant's philosophy,the statement "If you want people to be good to you,you should be good to them" is

Accepted Answer

A)  the basis of all true morality. 
B)  a hypothetical imperative. 
C)  the first version of the categorical imperative. 
D)  the second version of the categorical imperative.

Question 6

Thomas Hobbes said that the only reason we have morality is to avoid a state of war.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which of the following describes a major difference between Bentham's and Mill's ethics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mill believed an action could produce the best consequences and still be immoral. 
B)  Bentham said that pleasure is the only desirable end and Mill denied this. 
C)  Bentham's was a quantitative hedonism and Mill held to a qualitative hedonism. 
D)  Mill's ethics was concerned with the greatest happiness for all and Bentham's ethics was concerned only with the happiness of the individual.

Question 8

In balancing your own happiness with that of another person,Mill said that you should

Accepted Answer

A)  give no more weight to your own happiness than that of another. 
B)  be concerned only with your own happiness. 
C)  be concerned only with the happiness of others and not with your own happiness. 
D)  realize that producing happiness has nothing to do with morality.

Question 9

Using the examples in the book or your own examples,discuss the problems that could be raised with making each one of the following factors the most important one in an ethical theory: (1)the moral nature of specific categories of actions, (2)motives, (3)consequences, (4)the moral character of the agent.In the final analysis,which factor do think is the most important one in developing an ethical theory? Provide reasons for your position.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using the examples in the book or...

Question 10

Discuss the story of the ring of Gyges in Plato's Republic.What is the point that Glaucon is trying to make with this story? argue either for or against Glaucon's view.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the story of the ring of...

Question 11

In Kant's ethics,a principle is reversible if we could rationally wish that everyone would act on it.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

John Ladd uses the term "the dependency thesis" to refer to the claim that

Accepted Answer

A)  morality is dependent on God's commands. 
B)  the morality of an action depends on its consequences. 
C)  morality is dependent on the subjective opinion of each individual. 
D)  morality is dependent on the moral beliefs and practices of a particular society.

Question 13

How do psychological egoism and ethical egoism differ? How do some philosophers use psychological egoism to support ethical egoism? Could one be a psychological egoist but not an ethical egoist and vice versa? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do psychological egoism and ethical egoism...

Question 14

In deciding whether or not an action is just,Kant would disagree with Aristotle on which of the following points?

Accepted Answer

A)  The action must be chosen deliberately. 
B)  The action cannot be done accidentally,for it must be done on the basis of knowledge. 
C)  It must result from an ingrained habit and involve the emotions. 
D)  It must be done for its own sake and not for the consequences.

Question 15

According to Kant,an action has moral worth if

Accepted Answer

A)  it achieves good consequences. 
B)  we feel good about doing it. 
C)  it conforms to our duty. 
D)  it is done from a sense of duty.

Question 16

A criticism of Ayn Rand's egoism made in the text is that

Accepted Answer

A)  it assumes a false dichotomy between pure ethical egoism and pure ethical altruism. 
B)  egoism would lead to selfish behavior. 
C)  it is immoral. 
D)  all of the above

Question 17

How might an ethical egoist justify helping other people? Why does Ayn Rand think it possible for an ethical egoist to have friends or to love another person?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might an ethical egoist justify helping...

Question 18

The power-focused feminists criticize care-focused ethics by claiming that the latter

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforces traditional stereotypes of women as being more emotional and less rational. 
B)  emphasizes the model of family relationships,which is inadequate for the realm of public morality. 
C)  stresses love and compassion,but ignores the issues of freedom,domination,and equality. 
D)  all of the above

Question 19

The text explained that __________ morality refers to the study of various cultures' moral beliefs and practices and __________ ethics refers to the philosophical task of discerning which moral principles are rationally defensible.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive/normative 
B)  consequentialist/deontological. 
C)  objectivist/relativistic 
D)  religious/secular.

Question 20

All religious philosophers necessarily hold to the divine command theory of ethics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: The Search for Ethical Values

Kant rejected the notion that ethics was based on human psychology.

Which of the following is not a problem the text raised with divine command theory of ethics?

Kant believed it would be wrong to lie even if the lie produced good consequences.

A problem that the text raised with the divine command theory of ethics is that

According to Kant's philosophy,the statement "If you want people to be good to you,you should be good to them" is

Thomas Hobbes said that the only reason we have morality is to avoid a state of war.

Which of the following describes a major difference between Bentham's and Mill's ethics?

In balancing your own happiness with that of another person,Mill said that you should

Discuss the story of the ring of Gyges in Plato's Republic.What is the point that Glaucon is trying to make with this story? argue either for or against Glaucon's view.

In Kant's ethics,a principle is reversible if we could rationally wish that everyone would act on it.

John Ladd uses the term "the dependency thesis" to refer to the claim that

How do psychological egoism and ethical egoism differ? How do some philosophers use psychological egoism to support ethical egoism? Could one be a psychological egoist but not an ethical egoist and vice versa? Explain.

In deciding whether or not an action is just,Kant would disagree with Aristotle on which of the following points?

According to Kant,an action has moral worth if

A criticism of Ayn Rand's egoism made in the text is that

How might an ethical egoist justify helping other people? Why does Ayn Rand think it possible for an ethical egoist to have friends or to love another person?

The power-focused feminists criticize care-focused ethics by claiming that the latter

The text explained that morality refers to the study of various cultures' moral beliefs and practices and ethics refers to the philosophical task of discerning which moral principles are rationally defensible.

All religious philosophers necessarily hold to the divine command theory of ethics.