Question 1

A cell that contains 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs undergoes the process of _____ to produce two new cells,each containing the same DNA as the original cell,arranged in the same 23 pairs of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) mitosis 
B) osmosis 
C) meiosis 
D) fertilization

Question 2

According to Paul Baltes,the benefits conferred with evolutionary selection _____ with age.

Accepted Answer

A) increase 
B) stay the same 
C) decrease 
D) fluctuate

Question 3

Which of the following is true of phenylketonuria?

Accepted Answer

A) It results from a recessive gene. 
B) It is a chromosomal disorder. 
C) It results in death by the age of five. 
D) It is caused by an accumulation of lipids in the nervous system.

Question 4

Mateo is on a special diet because his parents are aware that he cannot metabolize phenylalanine,an amino acid.Buildup of this amino acid in his system could result in mental retardation.Mateo has:

Accepted Answer

A) Down syndrome. 
B) phenylketonuria (PKU). 
C) sickle-cell anemia. 
D) Huntington's disease.

Question 5

Yelena is an outgoing person,therefore,people naturally tend to like her and find her personable.According to Scarr-McCartney,which genotype-environment interaction does this best represent?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Yelena is an outgoing person,therefore,people naturally tend...

Question 6

Which of the following is true of Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A) It primarily occurs in African American children. 
B) It occurs when genetic imprinting goes awry. 
C) Its symptoms include retardation of motor and mental abilities. 
D) It is caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome Y.

Question 7

Carrie's parents have brown hair.However,Carrie gets genes for blond hair from both of her parents,and as a result she has blonde hair.This indicates that the gene for blonde hair is a:

Accepted Answer

A) recessive gene. 
B) dominant gene. 
C) susceptibility gene. 
D) longevity gene.

Question 8

The food-scarce environment of our ancestors likely led to humans' propensity to gorge when food is available and to crave high-caloric foods-a trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity when food is plentiful.This illustrates how:

Accepted Answer

A) socialization influences the development of behavior and cognitive skills in human beings. 
B) evolved mechanisms are not always adaptive in contemporary society. 
C) organisms pass on characteristics they had acquired during their lifetime to their offspring. 
D) the benefits of evolutionary selection decrease with age.

Question 9

Phenylketonuria (PKU)is a genetic disorder in which the individual cannot properly metabolize phenylalanine,which is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin. 
B) amino acid. 
C) mineral. 
D) carbohydrate.

Question 10

Charlie is a cooperative,attentive child and is a favorite at home and school; he receives positive,instructive responses from adults.This is indicative of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A) passive genotype-environment correlation. 
B) evocative genotype-environment correlation. 
C) influential genotype-environment correlation. 
D) active (niche-picking)genotype-environment correlation.

Question 11

_____ are the building blocks of cells as well as the regulators that direct the body's processes.

Accepted Answer

A) Genes 
B) Proteins 
C) Ribosomes 
D) DNA

Question 12

Amniocentesis brings a small risk of:

Accepted Answer

A) mental retardation. 
B) limb deformity. 
C) miscarriage. 
D) Down syndrome.

Question 13

Mary's mother has blonde hair and her father has brown hair.Mary has a gene for brown hair and a gene for blonde hair.She has brown hair.This indicates that the gene for brown hair is a:

Accepted Answer

A) dominant gene. 
B) recessive gene. 
C) susceptible gene. 
D) longevity gene.

Question 14

Define Gene × environment (G × E)interaction.Give an example of a study (either your own or one from the book)that could illustrate the interaction between genes and the environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define Gene × environment (G × E)interaction.Give...

Question 15

By far the most common high-tech assisted reproduction technique used is:

Accepted Answer

A) artificial insemination. 
B) in vitro fertilization. 
C) spermatogenesis. 
D) in vivo fertilization.

Question 16

A recessive gene exerts its influence only if:

Accepted Answer

A) both genes in a pair are recessive. 
B) it is the stronger gene. 
C) the environment is right. 
D) the dominant gene is also present in the pair.

Question 17

Parents' personalities or intellectual orientation,the family's socioeconomic status,and the neighborhood in which they live are all instances of the _____ of siblings.

Accepted Answer

A) nonshared environmental experiences 
B) shared genetic traits 
C) shared environmental experiences 
D) nonshared genetic traits

Question 18

A genotype is _____ percent of a person's genetic material.

Accepted Answer

A) 100 
B) 50 
C) 25 
D) 5

Question 19

During twin studies it is most common:

Accepted Answer

A) to assess behavioral similarities of identical twins compared to non-twin siblings. 
B) to determine behavioral similarities of identical twins compared to that of fraternal twins. 
C) to conduct genetic studies of the difference between identical twins in their genetic makeup. 
D) To compare adopted fraternal twins to each other.

Question 20

In some cases,one gene of a pair always exerts its effects overriding the potential influence of the other gene.This is the _____ principle.

Accepted Answer

A) sex-linked genes 
B) dominant-recessive genes 
C) genetic imprinting 
D) polygenic inheritance

Exam 2: Biological Beginnings