Question 1

Dorothy is enrolled in a preschool where she spends much of her time in unstructured activity.She plays with the different toys she chooses,and her teacher acts as a facilitator rather than a director.Which of the following approaches is Dorothy's preschool using?

Accepted Answer

A) Kindergarten 
B) Rogerian 
C) Montessori 
D) Success-oriented

Question 2

In general,conservation involves the ability to understand that changes in physical arrangement:

Accepted Answer

A) do not change an object's basic properties. 
B) affect an object's inherent features. 
C) determine the total volume needed for a given task. 
D) must be considered before the characteristics of an object can be determined.

Question 3

_____ attention is focused and extended engagement with an object,task,event,or other aspect of the environment.

Accepted Answer

A) Salient 
B) Relevant 
C) Executive 
D) Sustained

Question 4

A police officer visits Ben and Heather's class to discuss safety rules.To attract the children's attention,the officer brings colorful balloons and many jars of bubbles for the children to blow.Later,Heather tells her parents all about the balloons and bubbles but cannot remember any of the safety rules the officer presented.Heather obviously paid more attention to what was:

Accepted Answer

A) salient. 
B) relevant. 
C) habituated. 
D) intended.

Question 5

Pointing to a tree,young Leo says "Bird flied away." Leo's interesting but incorrect use of "-ed" in "flied" shows that he is trying to learn the _____ rules of language.

Accepted Answer

A) phonological 
B) morphological 
C) pragmatic 
D) syntactic

Question 6

A police officer visits Timothy and Evelyn's class to discuss safety rules.To attract the children's attention,the officer brings colorful balloons and many jars of bubbles for the children to blow.Later,Timothy tells his parents about all the safety rules the officer discussed.Timothy obviously paid attention to what was:

Accepted Answer

A) salient. 
B) relevant. 
C) habituated. 
D) superfluous.

Question 7

Deaths in young children due to HIV/AIDS especially occur in countries:

Accepted Answer

A) in the northern hemisphere. 
B) with high rates of poverty and low levels of education. 
C) where other common children's health problems like malnutrition do not exist. 
D) where the society is affluent.

Question 8

By the end of early childhood,girls have more _____ tissue than boys.

Accepted Answer

A) fatty 
B) muscle 
C) epithelial 
D) nervous

Question 9

Three-year-old Sharon can solve 4-piece jigsaw puzzles on her own but needs her parents' help to solve 6-piece jigsaw puzzles.Which of the following represents the upper limit of Sharon's zone of proximal development (ZPD)for solving such puzzles?

Accepted Answer

A) Sharon moving on to 10-piece puzzles 
B) Sharon solving a 6-piece puzzles on her own 
C) Sharon helping her two-year-old brother with 4-piece puzzles 
D) Sharon mastering 4-piece puzzles

Question 10

Gross motor skills are to fine motor skills as _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

A) jumping; writing 
B) running; swimming 
C) laughing; shouting 
D) hopping; walking

Question 11

Arielle took part in one of Walter Mischel's delay of gratification studies.She was able to stop herself from eating the marshmallow by humming a song to herself.What does research suggest about her future?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arielle took part in one of Walter...

Question 12

Cynthia shows a number of behaviors different from children her age,including deficits in social interaction and communication as well as repetitive behaviors or interests.She is indifferent toward others and prefers to be alone.She is more interested in objects than people.It is MOST likely that she suffers from:

Accepted Answer

A) insomnia. 
B) narcolepsy. 
C) anemia. 
D) autism.

Question 13

Tale is in a Tools of the Mind classroom.His teacher guides him to plan his own message by drawing a line to stand for each word he says.Tale then repeats the message,pointing to each line as he says the word.Finally,he writes on the lines,trying to represent each word with some letters or symbols.This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A) model drawing. 
B) scaffolding writing. 
C) word visualizing. 
D) positive role-play.

Question 14

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)is Vygotsky's term for:

Accepted Answer

A) a young adult's cognitive development achieved through interaction with children. 
B) the variety of work that a child can do with ease at a particular stage of cognitive development. 
C) how the environment and a child's genetically programmed learning ability interact during a critical period. 
D) the range of tasks difficult for a child to master alone but that can be learned with help from adults.

Question 15

"My computer doesn't like me.It keeps eating my pictures" says three-year-old Kimberly.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A) animism. 
B) intuitive thinking. 
C) conservation. 
D) egocentrism.

Question 16

Which of the following can enhance a child's safety and reduce the likelihood of injury?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreasing home/school partnerships 
B) Reducing playground hazards 
C) Reducing pool fencing 
D) Reducing frequent parent protective behaviors

Question 17

Which of the following statements about childhood obesity is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Children who are overweight at age 3 are also at the risk of being overweight at age 12. 
B) There is no indication that overweight children will become overweight adults. 
C) Obesity is not linked to type 2 (adult-onset)diabetes in children. 
D) Obesity actually leads to decrease in hypertension levels in children when they are 5 years of age.

Question 18

_____ is a process in which nerve cells are covered and insulated with a layer of fat cells.

Accepted Answer

A) Centration 
B) Myelination 
C) Tropism 
D) Neurogenesis

Question 19

Irene is taking a test where she hears a random list of numbers that she is asked to repeat in the right order.Irene is having her _____ memory tested.

Accepted Answer

A) recognition 
B) implicit 
C) procedural 
D) short-term

Question 20

Which of the following is true of Lev Vygotsky's educational applications?

Accepted Answer

A) IQ should be assessed to test a child's learning capabilities. 
B) A child should learn on his or her own to realize his or her capabilities. 
C) A child's use of private speech reflects immaturity and egocentrism. 
D) Teaching should begin toward the upper limit of a child's zone of proximal development.

Exam 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood