Question 1

Sheryl's parents have told her that she is "grounded" and will not be allowed to watch any television for a week,because she is not completing her assignments on time.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   negative punishment.
B)   negative reinforcement.
C)   positive punishment.
D)   positive reinforcement. A

Question 2

_____ stimulus does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Accepted Answer

A)   Reflexive
B)   Unconditioned
C)   Neutral
D)   Normative C

Question 3

occurs when an extinguished conditioned response reappears after a period of rest.

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery

Question 4

The cognitive learning concept of _____ learning is associated most prominently with _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   latent;Tolman
B)   latent;Thorndike
C)   implicit;Tolman
D)   implicit;Thorndike

Question 5

Learning by watching the behavior of another person,or model is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   perceptual learning
B)   observational learning
C)   latent learning
D)   tangential learning

Question 6

The _____ is an approach to the study of learning that focuses on the thought processes that underlie learning.

Accepted Answer

A)   transformative learning theory
B)   behavioral learning theory
C)   cognitive learning theory
D)   constructivism learning theory

Question 7

A stimulus that increases the probability that a preceding behavior will be repeated is termed a(n).

Accepted Answer

The answer of A stimulus that increases the probability that...

Question 8

Alexis uses cocaine,which activates her sympathetic nervous system.Expecting her dealer,her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a knock on the door.Which alternative below CORRECTLY identifies the neutral stimulus,the CS,and the UCS?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-cocaine;UCS-cocaine
B)   Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-knock on the door;UCS-pounding heart
C)   Neutral stimulus-knock on the door;CS-knock on the door;UCS-cocaine
D)   Neutral stimulus-cocaine;CS-knock on the door;UCS-cocaine

Question 9

Observational learning is based in part on the activity of _____ neurons in the brain.

Accepted Answer

A)   mirror
B)   reflexive
C)   imitative
D)   modeling

Question 10

In what way does learned taste aversion seem to contradict the basic principles of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)   In learned taste aversion,the CS and the unconditioned response (UCR) are separated by only a brief interval.
B)   Learned taste aversion can occur after only a single CS-UCR pairing.
C)   Learned taste aversion takes longer to develop than do most classical conditioning processes.
D)   Learned taste aversion is subject to biologically based constraints while,classical conditioning is not.

Question 11

You have a kind of picture in your head of your hometown,a mental representation of its layout and the location of key landmarks,like rivers,buildings,freeways,and parks.This representation is called a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)   internal navigator.
B)   mental GPS.
C)   cognitive map.
D)   perceptual blueprint.

Question 12

Paychecks and semester grades are delivered on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   fixed-interval
C)   variable-ratio
D)   variable-interval

Question 13

As part of a behavior modification program,Kendra and her partner each agree to praise the other if she completes her assigned household chores by the end of the day.Such praise is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   primary reinforcement
B)   tertiary reinforcement
C)   positive reinforcement
D)   negative reinforcement

Question 14

A variable-ratio schedule is a schedule:

Accepted Answer

A)   by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.
B)   by which reinforcement occurs after a fluctuating number of responses rather than after a fixed number.
C)   that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed,making overall rates of response relatively low.
D)   by which the time between reinforcements varies around some average rather than being fixed.

Question 15

_____ is a type of learning in which a neutral stimulus comes to bring about a response after it is paired with a stimulus that naturally brings about that response.

Accepted Answer

A)   Classical conditioning
B)   Operant conditioning
C)   Observational learning
D)   Instrumental conditioning

Question 16

Which of the following types of consequences is CORRECTLY matched with an example?

Accepted Answer

A)   Positive reinforcement - Vickie applies lotion to lessen the discomfort of a small burn
B)   Negative reinforcement - Ella's parents confiscate her car keys for breaking curfew
C)   Positive punishment - Laurel's mother yells at her when Laurel takes $20 from her mom's purse
D)   Negative punishment - Maddie receives a bonus for outstanding work performance

Question 17

Operant conditioning most importantly involves forming associations between:

Accepted Answer

A)   neutral and unconditioned stimuli.
B)   stimuli and involuntary behavior.
C)   behavior and consequences.
D)   conditioned response and reflex.

Question 18

A bright flash automatically causes us to blink.It is a(n)response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bright flash automatically causes us to...

Question 19

Sheryl makes pleasant small talk and pays her boss a compliment before asking for a personal day,because such a strategy was successful with a few of her previous bosses.This example most clearly illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulus generalization.
B)   stimulus control.
C)   stimulus discrimination.
D)   shaping.

Question 20

A variable-interval schedule is a schedule:

Accepted Answer

A)   by which reinforcement is given only after a specific number of responses are made.
B)   by which reinforcement occurs after a varying number of responses rather than after a fixed number.
C)   that provides reinforcement for a response only if a fixed time period has elapsed,making overall rates of response relatively low.
D)   by which the time between reinforcements fluctuates around some average rather than being fixed.

Exam 5: Learning