Question 1

The Belmont Report's ethical principle of justice requires that:

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers limit studies only to those of legal age. 
B)  participants make deliberate decisions about whether to participate in research. 
C)  there must be fairness in receiving the benefits of research. 
D)  potential participants in a research project should be provided with all information.

Question 2

In the Milgram obedience experiment,participants were deceived about the hypothesis when they were told that the purpose of the experiment was to study:

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of electric shock. 
B)  memory and learning. 
C)  the effects of punishment. 
D)  blind obedience.

Question 3

A research experiment includes participants from various ethnicities and age groups.The researcher's assistant is racially biased toward a certain group.But the researcher,Clark,condones such prejudices and bases his work and findings in a fair manner.In this scenario,Clark is adhering to which of the following principles of the APA Ethics Code?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fidelity and Responsibility 
B)  Respect for People's Rights and Dignity 
C)  Integrity 
D)  Justice

Question 4

_____ risk is a type of research activity which means that the risks of harm to participants are no greater than risks encountered in daily life or in routine physical or psychological tests.

Accepted Answer

A)  Minor 
B)  Manageable 
C)  Minimal 
D)  Moderate

Question 5

Matt wants to conduct an experiment on people's perceptions of tattoos.He plans to manipulate the experimental conditions by having participants receive tattoos on their arms.The tattoos will vary in size and color.An ethical review board would most likely be concerned about the:

Accepted Answer

A)  size and color of the tattoo. 
B)  various perceptions of tattoos. 
C)  physical risk to the participants. 
D)  monetary cost of the tattoo.

Question 6

Current ethical guidelines for both behavioral and medical researchers have their origins in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Greek myths. 
B)  Red Data Book. 
C)  Belmont Report. 
D)  Institutional Review Board.

Question 7

What is most likely to have caused a decline in animal research?

Accepted Answer

A)  The increasing protests from animal activists groups 
B)  The decreasing interest in conducting cognitive research with human participants 
C)  The declining safety measures to shelter the animals for a long period 
D)  The increasing costs incurred to conduct an animal research

Question 8

A researcher's results should be considered fraudulent if:

Accepted Answer

A)  animals were used while conducting experiments for the research. 
B)  participants were not debriefed after the completion of the study. 
C)  the data has been changed in order to support the hypotheses. 
D)  the researcher has used any form of survey to collect the data.

Question 9

Which of the following is a genuine case of fraud?

Accepted Answer

A)  Burger's partial replication of Milgram's studies 
B)  Milgram's study on obedience to authority 
C)  The twin studies by Sir Cyril Burt 
D)  The Szabo and Underwood Report

Question 10

Before conducting the experiment,Helga explains to the participants the purpose of the study and tells them that participation is voluntary and they can withdraw if they want.This shows that the experiment involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  deception 
B)  informed consent 
C)  role-playing 
D)  psychological withdrawal

Question 11

Which of the following behaviors does NOT represent plagiarism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Including a sentence that is copied without using quotation marks and a reference citation 
B)  Representing another's work as one's own 
C)  Paraphrasing the actual words of another source without citation 
D)  Including a personal idea or finding into one's own research

Question 12

According to the Belmont Report,which principle refers to the need for research to maximize benefits and minimize any possible harmful effects of participation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Respect for persons 
B)  Beneficence 
C)  Justice 
D)  Common courtesy

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

Accepted Answer

A)  IRBs are national review agencies composed of at least three individuals. 
B)  All members of the IRB must be from outside the institution. 
C)  IRBs review studies conducted within and outside the institution. 
D)  Every institution that receives federal funds must have an IRB.

Question 14

Which of the following best exemplifies deception?

Accepted Answer

A)  The experimenter disguises the true purpose of a laboratory experiment. 
B)  The participants disagree to fill in the informed consent form. 
C)  The researcher provides too much information about a study to the participants. 
D)  The investigator withholds information that does not affect the decision to participate.

Question 15

Brent has agreed to take part in a study on "Preferences for different fast foods." When he arrives for the study,he is asked to read an account of a sexual assault and indicate the guilt and punishment he would assign to the assailant.This procedure best illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  informed consent 
B)  the importance of autonomy 
C)  obedience to authority 
D)  the use of deception

Question 16

In research,_____ occurs when there is active misrepresentation of information about the nature of a study.

Accepted Answer

A)  deception 
B)  plagiarism 
C)  fidelity 
D)  nonmaleficence

Question 17

Kirstein,in her research paper,copied few paragraphs verbatim from a renowned author's work without giving quotation marks or citing the source.The review board rejected her paper on grounds of plagiarism.What kind of a plagiarism has she committed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Word-for-word plagiarism 
B)  Paraphrasing plagiarism 
C)  Active plagiarism 
D)  Detailed plagiarism

Question 18

One safeguard against scientific fraud is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  scientists are always ethical. 
B)  the researcher's hypotheses are always supported. 
C)  all research is subject to replication by other scientists. 
D)  all scientific research has high external validity.

Question 19

The examination of potential problems and benefits that are likely to result from a research is known as a _____ analysis.

Accepted Answer

A)  cost-benefit 
B)  risk-benefit 
C)  SWOT 
D)  life-cycle cost

Question 20

When Rebecca's students tried to include her research findings into their projects,they could not find materials that substantiated their tutor's data.In this case,Rebecca is most likely to have committed the act of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  plagiarism 
B)  assault 
C)  battery 
D)  fraud

Exam 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research