Question 1

Which of the following is a genuine case of fraud?

Accepted Answer

A) Burger's partial replication of Milgram's studies 
B) Milgram's study on obedience to authority 
C) The twin studies by Sir Cyril Burt 
D) The Szabo and Underwood Report

Question 2

Principle C of the APA Ethics Code focuses on _____.

Accepted Answer

A) integrity 
B) justice 
C) responsibility 
D) beneficence

Question 3

What is most likely to have caused a decline in animal research?

Accepted Answer

A) The increasing protests from animal activists groups 
B) The decreasing interest in conducting cognitive research with human participants 
C) The declining safety measures to shelter the animals for a long period 
D) The increasing costs incurred to conduct an animal research

Question 4

Which of the following is true of the Tuskegee Syphilis study?

Accepted Answer

A) It was an isolated incident brought to light in 1998. 
B) It took place for only one year. 
C) It focused on treating individuals with syphilis using penicillin. 
D) It spurred scientists to overhaul ethical regulations.

Question 5

A researcher's results should be considered fraudulent if:

Accepted Answer

A) animals were used while conducting experiments for the research. 
B) participants were not debriefed after the completion of the study. 
C) the data has been changed in order to support the hypotheses. 
D) the researcher has used any form of survey to collect the data.

Question 6

In the context of debriefing, evidence collected by Milgram indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A) participants need not be debriefed after the completion of the study. 
B) debriefing was effective in removing any negative effects of participation. 
C) in all circumstances, the debriefing should be thorough in order to be effective. 
D) participants should be aware of the actual purpose of the study.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of fraudulence?

Accepted Answer

A) Jimmy is arrested by the police for robbing an old woman's house. 
B) A newspaper publishes articles that did not have substantial authenticity. 
C) A manager is accused of sexual harassment by his secretary. 
D) Berta misplaces the money that her mother gave her as loan.

Question 8

Which of the following is a characteristic of the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?

Accepted Answer

A) IRBs are national review agencies composed of at least three individuals. 
B) All members of the IRB must be from outside the institution. 
C) IRBs review studies conducted within and outside the institution. 
D) Every institution that receives federal funds must have an IRB.

Question 9

The fabrication of data is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A) liaison 
B) fraud 
C) plagiarism 
D) assault

Question 10

Which of the following is true about research with nonhuman animal subjects?

Accepted Answer

A) Ethics is of little concern because animals have no feelings. 
B) There are explicit guidelines to protect animals used for research. 
C) Animals cannot be used to test the effects of drugs. 
D) Psychologists do not conduct research on animals.

Question 11

Brent has agreed to take part in a study on "Preferences for different fast foods." When he arrives for the study, he is asked to read an account of a sexual assault and indicate the guilt and punishment he would assign to the assailant. This procedure best illustrates _____.

Accepted Answer

A) informed consent 
B) the importance of autonomy 
C) obedience to authority 
D) the use of deception

Question 12

What is the function of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee?

Accepted Answer

A) Approve all animal research procedures 
B) Ensure all regulations are adhered to in animal researches 
C) Analyse the cost to be incurred for a research 
D) Ensure use of animals only in psychological researches

Question 13

Researches involving physical stress, psychological stress, invasion of privacy, measures of sensitive information where participants may be identified are known as _____ researches.

Accepted Answer

A) exempt 
B) minimal risk 
C) greater than minimal risk 
D) low risk

Question 14

Before conducting the experiment, Helga explains to the participants the purpose of the study and tells them that participation is voluntary and they can withdraw if they want. This shows that the experiment involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A) deception 
B) informed consent 
C) role-playing 
D) psychological withdrawal

Question 15

What is one of the criticisms levelled against animal rights groups?

Accepted Answer

A) Laboratory experiments do not induce any pain on animals. 
B) Animal research benefits humans and made discoveries possible. 
C) Use of animals brings down the costs incurred in the research. 
D) Animals are not used in any psychological research.

Question 16

In studying participants' physiological responses to visual stimuli, Kenneth measures the blood pressure and heart rates of the participants while they watch different genres of films. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services regulations, this study would best be classified as containing _____ risk.

Accepted Answer

A) no 
B) minimal 
C) greater than minimal 
D) maximum

Question 17

Which of the following precautions can scientists take to protect themselves against charges of fraud?

Accepted Answer

A) They should only publish results that are significant. 
B) They should not conduct a public survey. 
C) They should keep careful, documented records of the research. 
D) They should always ensure that the findings support the hypothesis.

Question 18

The agreement by a minor to participate in an experiment is formally called _____.

Accepted Answer

A) consent 
B) debriefing 
C) exempt 
D) assent

Question 19

Participants volunteered for a study on "Attitudes toward television violence." However, they completed a survey on their own aggressive behavior. After the completion of the study, the researcher failed to inform the participants about the true purpose of the study. In this case, the researcher has failed to conduct a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A) cost-benefit analysis 
B) simulation study 
C) debriefing session 
D) evaluative study

Question 20

Matt wants to conduct an experiment on people's perceptions of tattoos. He plans to manipulate the experimental conditions by having participants receive tattoos on their arms. The tattoos will vary in size and color. An ethical review board would most likely be concerned about the:

Accepted Answer

A) size and color of the tattoo. 
B) various perceptions of tattoos. 
C) physical risk to the participants. 
D) monetary cost of the tattoo.

Exam 3: Ethics in Behavioral Research