Question 1

A hurricane could cause genetic drift by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the mutation rate of a population. 
B)  randomly killing more males than females in a population. 
C)  randomly killing more individuals of one genotype than another in a population. 
D)  relocating a population to a different habitat.

Question 2

Early scholars recognized that species change over time,either because of chance or because of changes imposed by their environment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

One of the consequences of ________ is a change in the proportions of one or more of the inherited characteristics found in the next generation,compared with the original population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the consequences of ________ is...

Question 4

Humans have bred cows that are specialized for milk production by mating female cows that produce large quantities of milk with male cows whose mothers also produced large quantities of milk.This is an example of ________ selection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Humans have bred cows that are specialized...

Question 5

Scientists who believe in evolution are never religious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Any characteristic that improves an organism's reproductive success in its environment is called a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Any characteristic that improves an organism's reproductive...

Question 7

All mammals have hemoglobin,but the amino acid sequences are not identical.The human sequence differs from that of the baboon,dog,gorilla,and lemur by seven,ten,one,and seven amino acids,respectively.Based on this comparative DNA analysis,which of these animals most recently shared a common ancestor with humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  the baboon 
B)  the dog 
C)  the lemur 
D)  the gorilla

Question 8

When scientists use the phrase theory of evolution,they are respecting the large segment of the scientific community that remains skeptical of the reality of evolution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Darwin's ideas about natural selection were immediately accepted;this shows that the scientific community recognizes and accepts correct ideas as soon as they are presented.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

For a population to evolve,there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population.These differences come from

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation. 
B)  a change in an organism's behavior. 
C)  natural selection. 
D)  common descent.

Question 11

Before the industrial revolution,scholars believed that Earth was only 6,000 years old.What evidence first suggested that this belief might NOT be correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists developed techniques to accurately determine the age of fossils. 
B)  Researchers saw bacteria undergoing natural selection at a rapid rate in the laboratory. 
C)  Geological studies showed that the slow action of rivers,glaciers,earthquakes,and volcanoes shapes Earth's surface over long periods of time. 
D)  Scholars observed that new species could evolve rapidly via artificial selection.

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It indicates that representatives of all known plant and animal groups originated on Earth at approximately the same time. 
B)  It contains strong evidence that major new groups of plants and animals were the descendants of previously existing organisms. 
C)  It indicates that humans date back as far as the first indications of life. 
D)  It is incomplete,disjointed,often contradictory,and generally uninterruptible with regard to the evolutionary history of life on Earth.

Question 13

Peppered moths are generally light in color and blend into the trunks of the trees they live on.Populations of peppered moths that are found in areas where soot has blackened the tree trunks are dark in color.This example demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection. 
B)  natural selection. 
C)  genetic drift. 
D)  vestigial coloration.

Question 14

The main conclusion Darwin reached after his return from the expedition aboard the HMS Beagle was that

Accepted Answer

A)  the animals living on the Galápagos Islands were similar to those seen on other Pacific islands. 
B)  the animals living on the Galápagos Islands were closely related to those found in England. 
C)  animal species are stable over time and do not evolve. 
D)  plant and animal populations slowly change over time as beneficial characteristics become more widespread.

Question 15

One result of ________ over evolutionary time spans is that the alleles that enable individuals to survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals become more common in the population.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One result of ________ over evolutionary time...

Question 16

Which of the following statements about natural selection is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the principal cause of extinctions. 
B)  It is the principal cause of evolutionary change. 
C)  It occurs only in gametes. 
D)  It cannot occur without genetic drift.

Question 17

The origin of many species of Galápagos finches from one original species is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  gene cascades. 
B)  mass extinctions. 
C)  adaptation and speciation. 
D)  genetic drift and emigration.

Question 18

One of the reasons why scientists have had so much difficulty finding a cure for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)and AIDS is that the virus is quick to evolve resistance to the drugs that are used to treat it.What is the most likely mechanism for this type of evolution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain versions of the virus are slower to die when exposed to a drug than others.Those viruses may survive drug treatment and pass their genes to their offspring. 
B)  Every time a person takes an HIV drug,it randomly kills off most of the virus particles but not all of them.Those that survive repopulate the body of their host. 
C)  Although all copies of a particular strain of HIV are identical,some are better at hiding in regions of the body that drugs cannot reach,and those viruses "teach" their offspring where to hide. 
D)  Some versions of HIV produce chemicals that break down the drugs before they can harm the virus.

Question 19

Humans simulate the process of natural selection when they use ________ to develop new varieties of crop plants that better meet the needs of farmers.

Accepted Answer

A)  artificial selection 
B)  cytochrome c 
C)  habitat changes 
D)  continental drift

Question 20

The fact that small,nonfunctioning hind legs are found in the skeletons of many snakes suggests that snakes

Accepted Answer

A)  are in the process of evolving legs. 
B)  evolved from organisms with legs. 
C)  are really populations of lizards with one or more severe mutations in limb development. 
D)  evolved from eels (snakelike fishes).

Exam 14: How Evolution Works

A hurricane could cause genetic drift by

Early scholars recognized that species change over time,either because of chance or because of changes imposed by their environment.

One of the consequences of ________ is a change in the proportions of one or more of the inherited characteristics found in the next generation,compared with the original population.

Humans have bred cows that are specialized for milk production by mating female cows that produce large quantities of milk with male cows whose mothers also produced large quantities of milk.This is an example of ________ selection.

Scientists who believe in evolution are never religious.

Any characteristic that improves an organism's reproductive success in its environment is called a(n)________.

When scientists use the phrase theory of evolution,they are respecting the large segment of the scientific community that remains skeptical of the reality of evolution.

Darwin's ideas about natural selection were immediately accepted;this shows that the scientific community recognizes and accepts correct ideas as soon as they are presented.

For a population to evolve,there must be genetic differences between organisms in that population.These differences come from

Before the industrial revolution,scholars believed that Earth was only 6,000 years old.What evidence first suggested that this belief might NOT be correct?

Which of the following statements about the fossil record is true?

Peppered moths are generally light in color and blend into the trunks of the trees they live on.Populations of peppered moths that are found in areas where soot has blackened the tree trunks are dark in color.This example demonstrates

The main conclusion Darwin reached after his return from the expedition aboard the HMS Beagle was that

One result of ________ over evolutionary time spans is that the alleles that enable individuals to survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals become more common in the population.

Which of the following statements about natural selection is true?

The origin of many species of Galápagos finches from one original species is an example of

One of the reasons why scientists have had so much difficulty finding a cure for HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) and AIDS is that the virus is quick to evolve resistance to the drugs that are used to treat it.What is the most likely mechanism for this type of evolution?

Humans simulate the process of natural selection when they use ________ to develop new varieties of crop plants that better meet the needs of farmers.

The fact that small,nonfunctioning hind legs are found in the skeletons of many snakes suggests that snakes