Question 1

Which of the following antibiotics would be the best choice for treatment of an acute abscess or cellulitis in a patient who is not allergic to penicillin?

Accepted Answer

A) Metronidazole 
B) Erythromycin 
C) Amoxicillin 
D) Clindamycin

Question 2

Which of the following antibiotics would be the best choice to attack the anaerobes in a stage 2 infection?

Accepted Answer

A) Clindamycin or metronidazole 
B) Ampicillin or amoxicillin 
C) Amoxicillin or augmentin 
D) Ciprofloxacin

Question 3

Penicillin kills bacteria by attacking the

Accepted Answer

A) 50S subunit of the ribosome. 
B) 30S subunit of the ribosome. 
C) cell wall. 
D) a subunit of DNA gyrase.

Question 4

Which agent inhibits DNA gyrase?

Accepted Answer

A) Penicillin G 
B) Erythromycin 
C) Metronidazole 
D) Ciprofloxacin

Question 5

The most common adverse reaction to the sulfonamides is

Accepted Answer

A) liver damage. 
B) suppressed renal function. 
C) an allergic skin reaction. 
D) blood dyscrasias.

Question 6

Superinfection describes a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) nonsystemic,superficial infection. 
B) exaggerated infection caused by treating a resistant pathogen. 
C) opportunistic infection that arises as a consequence of treatment. 
D) infection by multiple pathogens.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true regarding penicillinase-resistant penicillins?

Accepted Answer

A) Penicillinase-resistant penicillins should be reserved for use against only penicillinase-producing staphylococci. 
B) Penicillinase-resistant penicillins are more effective against penicillin G-sensitive organisms when compared with penicillin G. 
C) Penicillinase-resistant penicillins produce fewer side effects when compared with penicillin G. 
D) Patients allergic to penicillin are not also allergic to the penicillinase-resistant penicillins.

Question 8

Which of the following agents allows the use of amoxicillin to treat penicillinase-producing organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Clavulanic acid 
B) Divalent cations 
C) Corticosteroids 
D) Disulfiram

Question 9

_____ is the drug of choice for prophylaxis to prevent bacterial endocarditis before a dental procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) Penicillin G 
B) Penicillin V 
C) Ampicillin 
D) Amoxicillin

Question 10

Infective endocarditis is more likely to occur from bacteria entering the bloodstream as a result of daily activities than from a dental procedure.There is no evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis prior to a dental procedure will prevent infective endocarditis in those at risk for developing it.

Accepted Answer

A) Both statements are true. 
B) Both statements are false. 
C) The first statement is true,the second statement is false. 
D) The first statement is false,the second statement is true.

Question 11

Oral-cavity infections are generally understood to advance through three stages.The three stages are (1)mixed aerobic and anaerobic infection, (2)aerobic infection,and (3)anaerobic infection.In what order do these stages occur?

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3 
B) 1,3,2 
C) 2,1,3 
D) 3,1,2 
E) 3,2,1

Question 12

Some studies indicate that _____% of patients receiving penicillin will have an anaphylactic reaction.

Accepted Answer

A) 0.05 to 0.10 
B) 0.5 to 1 
C) 5 to 10 
D) 20 to 25

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true regarding nitrofurantoin?

Accepted Answer

A) Nitrofurantoin has a narrow spectrum of action against anaerobic bacteria. 
B) Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal. 
C) Nitrofurantoin is associated with red man syndrome. 
D) Nitrofurantoin can cause a brownish discoloration of urine.

Question 14

Rupture of the Achilles tendon is associated with the use of

Accepted Answer

A) tetracyclines. 
B) quinolones. 
C) rifampin. 
D) mupirocin.

Question 15

Which of the following agents is bacteriostatic in action?

Accepted Answer

A) Amoxicillin 
B) Streptomycin 
C) Vancomycin 
D) Trimethoprim

Question 16

_____ is associated with a severe drug interaction with alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A) Erythromycin 
B) Tetracycline 
C) Metronidazole 
D) Aminoglycosides (e.g. ,streptomycin)

Question 17

If a person with active TB seeks oral health care

Accepted Answer

A) use standard precautions and treat him or her just as everyone else is treated. 
B) schedule him or her as the last patient of the day. 
C) contact that person's physician and delay health care until the disease is no longer in the active state. 
D) refer the patient to a hospital with a dental suite for treatment.

Question 18

Clavulanic acid is used to fight infections with which of the following resistance mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased permeability to the agent 
B) Production of drug-inactivating enzymes 
C) Alteration in the site of action 
D) Any of the above

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true concerning clindamycin?

Accepted Answer

A) Clindamycin is distributed throughout most body tissues,including bone. 
B) Cross-resistance between clindamycin and erythromycin is often noted. 
C) The indications for treatment with clindamycin are limited to a number of infections caused by aerobic organisms. 
D) Both A and B are true. 
E) Both B and C are true.

Question 20

Which of the following are true of a stage 3 infection? (Select all that apply. )

Accepted Answer

A) Most patients will require the use of antibiotics. 
B) The infection contains both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. 
C) Clindamycin and metronidazole are useful antibiotics. 
D) The organisms have coalesced into one area.

Exam 7: Antiinfective Agents