Question 1

Focusing on socialization as a community and cultural process, David Andrews studied the "persona" created in connection with Michael Jordan during the 1990s.He concludes that through media images of Jordan, the "Jordan persona" was

Accepted Answer

A)  used to raise critical questions about race and gender in society.
B)  tied to the legacies of colonialism and racism around the world.
C)  intentionally detached from African American experiences and culture.
D)  cleverly linked with inner-city, minority lifestyles in many societies. C

Question 2

When Sharon Wheeler interviewed British elementary school children for whom sports were important, she found that their sport participation was linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  a process of gaining access to the equipment needed for training.
B)  opportunities to take hysical education classes.
C)  the routine and lifestyle of their families.
D)  the influence of the local neighborhood culture. C

Question 3

Garry Wheeler's study of the careers of athletes with disabilities indicated that the main challenge athletes faced when they retired involved

Accepted Answer

A)  reinvesting time and energy into other spheres of life.
B)  recovering from sport injuries and dealing with mobility issues.
C)  accepting the permanence of their disability.
D)  learning to live with negative stereotypes. A

Question 4

When researchers use cultural theories and a postructuralist approach to study community-based socialization processes, they focus on

Accepted Answer

A)  the ways that tax money is spent in a community.
B)  the roles of coaches and teachers in community life.
C)  relationships between religious organizations and the schools in a town.
D)  whose stories about sports become dominant in a culture.

Question 5

When the author paraphrases Gramsci's conclusion about hegemony, he says that "it is difficult to fight an enemy that ...

Accepted Answer

A)  plays sports every day."
B)  has outposts in your head."
C)  works harder than you do."
D)  will do anything to win."

Question 6

According to the definition used in Chapter 3, socialization refers to a process that

Accepted Answer

A)  molds people into productive citizens.
B)  permanently alters a person's genetic predispositions.
C)  involves social development and learning about social worlds.
D)  occurs only during a person's formative years in childhood.

Question 7

Studies using a qualitative approach have found that becoming involved and staying involved in sports primarily is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  what parents want their children to do with their lives.
B)  the needs of the social system of which a person is a part.
C)  social forces that exist outside people and determine their decisions.
D)  continuing processes of decision-making in people's lives.

Question 8

Carefully designed studies based on structural theories and a personal internalization model of socialization have found that three things are related to becoming involved in sports.Which of the following is NOT one of those things?

Accepted Answer

A)  A person's abilities.
B)  The availability of opportunities to play sports.
C)  The influence of significant others.
D)  A person's willingness to practice even when not having fun.

Question 9

Pleasure and participation sports tend to emphasize

Accepted Answer

A)  the importance of achievement and progress.
B)  connections with other people and the environment.
C)  the notion of competing against others rather than with others.
D)  the idea that pleasure depends on competitive success.

Question 10

After doing in-depth interviews with British adolescents from working class British families, Anita White and Jay Coakley concluded that sport participation among these young people was the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  the policies and programs of the British Sports Council.
B)  continuous decisions made over time by young people.
C)  rapidly changing fads related to fitness and sports.
D)  influence coming from other young people they knew and respected.

Question 11

Some sociologists now study socialization as a community and cultural process.The research of these sociologists tends to focus on

Accepted Answer

A)  the relationships between athletes and leaders in community politics.
B)  sports as sites where people learn stories they use to make sense of their lives.
C)  sports as art forms that are crucial entertainment activities in most communities
D)  the ways that sports secretly shape character and social life in societies.

Question 12

When Patti and Peter Adler studied a big-time intercollegiate men's basketball team, they discovered that team members gradually

Accepted Answer

A)  experienced a form of burnout that ended most of their careers.
B)  became so engulfed in their course work that they ignored their social lives.
C)  developed a strong dislike of their coaches and fellow team members.
D)  viewed the world almost exclusively in terms of their identities as athletes.

Question 13

Loic Wacquant's study of the social world of boxers in a Chicago gym indicated that boxing

Accepted Answer

A)  enabled young men to learn violent strategies they could use on the streets.
B)  sheltered young men from the destructive influences of the streets.
C)  involved so much discipline that most young men dropped out.
D)  became a major gang initiation ritual in the neighborhood around the gym.

Question 14

In recent years, those who study sports and socialization have tended to use research methods that emphasize

Accepted Answer

A)  measurable personality changes among athletes.
B)  qualitative data that provide detailed descriptions of sport experiences.
C)  statistical analysis of data collected from large samples of people.
D)  data collected through surveys, questionnaires, and historical records.

Question 15

Most people in the sociology of sport today do not see sports as causes of specific socialization outcomes.Instead, they view sports as

Accepted Answer

A)  health and wellness activities.
B)  commercial activities unrelated to social development.
C)  negative activities that distort the way that people see the world.
D)  sites for experiences that influence different people in different ways.

Question 16

The carefully designed studies done between 1950 and 1980 have led to some basic conclusions about changing or ending sport participation.Which of the following is NOT one of the conclusions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dropping out of a sport often occurs in connection with other changes or transitions in a person's life.
B)  When people stop playing a sport, they generally do not cut all ties with sports.
C)  The decision to drop out of sports is sometimes made because of negative experiences in sports.
D)  People drop out of sports only when they are victims of some form of exploitation in sports.

Question 17

Nancy Theberge's study of an elite women's ice hockey team in Canada found that locker room interaction among the players involved

Accepted Answer

A)  hostile remarks about sex and sexuality.
B)  degrading talk about men and relationships with men.
C)  controlled forms of expression through which feelings were often hidden.
D)  talk that gave meaning to the experience of playing hockey.

Question 18

A review of socialization research led the author to conclude that sport participation is most likely to have positive socialization consequences when it

Accepted Answer

A)  it limits a person's relationships to coaches and teammates.
B)  it keeps people off the streets and in the locker room.
C)  provides opportunities to expand experiences outside of sports.
D)  teaches people how to compete against others.

Question 19

The in-depth interviews done by Anita White and Jay Coakley indicated that young people are most likely to participate in sports when they

Accepted Answer

A)  wanted to feel childlike.
B)  wanted to escape negative circumstances in their lives.
C)  thought they had a good chance of playing at a professional level.
D)  saw sports as linked to their own growth and development.

Question 20

Recent studies of socialization are based on social interaction models rather than personal internalization models.Social interaction models emphasize that human beings are

Accepted Answer

A)  products of society.
B)  victims of economic forces in society.
C)  active decision makers who give meaning to their experiences.
D)  social creatures who seek approval from others in whatever they do.

Exam 3: Sports and Socialization: Who Plays and What Happens to Them