Question 1

Carol,a senior manager at Bizlaw Inc. ,encourages Rob,her junior manager,to bill Bizlaw's clients for his commute time,and identify it as "meet and confer with senior manager." Carol explains that she will then adjust her own billing sheet to match this entry.Carol tells Rob that all other Bizlaw junior and senior managers engage in this practice and that clients have never questioned such entries.Rob is not sure whether this would be an ethical action.What should Rob do?

Accepted Answer

First,Rob needs to recognize that Carol is making an unethical request because she is essentially asking Rob to lie to clients so that Bizlaw may collect additional fees.Rob could then "buy time" to find more facts and understand the impact on Bizlaw's stakeholders created by such a practice by telling Carol he is working on his billing statements.He could then solicit information and mentorship from another senior manager,to determine if such a practice is widely accepted at Bizlaw,and if so,what affect it has had on its stakeholders.Rob could also consider "win-win solutions." Perhaps he could arrange to have actual meetings with Carol each morning,to provide her with the billable hours she seeks while adding value to the service provided to Bizlaw clients.Forming a mentor or peer group could also help Rob to stop this billing practice,perhaps through Bizlaw's ethics committee or officer.If the practice prevails at Bizlaw,then Rob must consider whether this requested act ion will compromise values he holds important,and if so,whether his job at Bizlaw is worth it.

Question 2

Knowing ________ will help a decision maker find the facts he needs.

Accepted Answer

A)  practical constraints
B)  alternatives
C)  whom the decision affects
D)  his own goals C

Question 3

Which of the following is a characteristic of profit maximization?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is concerned with the equal distribution of wealth in society.
B)  It protects everyone's fundamental rights.
C)  It is closely related to utilitarianism because it focuses on results.
D)  It ensures complete responsible and ethical behavior by corporations. C

Question 4

Because some employees will view whistleblowing as an act of disloyalty,management should recharacterize whistleblowing as necessary to the protection of the firm's:

Accepted Answer

A)  integrity.
B)  ethics code.
C)  reputation and goodwill.
D)  decision-making processes and reputation.

Question 5

Which of the following fallacies results from the mistaken belief that independent prior outcomes affect future outcomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sunk cost
B)  False cause
C)  argumentum ad hominem
D)  Gambler's fallacy

Question 6

"The ends justify the means." This statement reflects the utilitarian ethical theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

"What would happen if everyone acted in this way?" is a question that Kant would ask.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

"Begging the question" is also known as the slippery slope fallacy.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Which of the following ethical theories judges our actions as good or bad depending on their consequences and is expressed as "the ends justify the means"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rights theory
B)  Utilitarianism
C)  Kantianism
D)  Deontological theory

Question 10

Profit maximization results in ethical conduct because:

Accepted Answer

A)  it emphasizes the right to redistribute wealth in order to help the poor and disadvantaged.
B)  it requires society's members to act within the constraints of the law.
C)  it protects fundamental rights,unless some greater right takes precedence.
D)  it focuses on the decision or action itself,irrespective of what results it produces.

Question 11

A ________ is when a person compares two situations that are not sufficiently similar to be a valid comparison.

Accepted Answer

A)  bandwagon fallacy.
B)  argumentum ad hominem.
C)  appeals to pity
D)  false analogy

Question 12

________ theory emphasizes that one should use the categorical imperative and judge an action by applying it universally.

Accepted Answer

A)  Utilitarian
B)  Teleological
C)  Justice
D)  Kantian

Question 13

Recently,retailers were criticized for opening their retail stores on Thanksgiving Day.Those against the openings felt that workers should spend the day with their families.However,the same critics continued to consume sports programming and utilities provided by those working on Thanksgiving Day.Which of the following fallacies is not in this example?

Accepted Answer

A)  Appeals to pity
B)  The lure of the new
C)  Appeals to tradition
D)  Non sequitur

Question 14

The reduced sales of Martha Stewart branded goods at K-Mart after she was accused of insider trading is an example of the strength of the profit maximization theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

________ infer(s)that because something has been done a certain way in the past,it should be done the same way in the future.

Accepted Answer

A)  Gambler's fallacy
B)  Appeals to authority
C)  Appeals to tradition
D)  Sunk cost

Question 16

Guilt by association is a form of:

Accepted Answer

A)  begging the question.
B)  argumentum ad hominem.
C)  argumentum ad populum.
D)  gambler's fallacy.

Question 17

What is confirmation bias and how can it be detrimental? How can it be avoided?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is confirmation bias and how can...

Question 18

Bill,a senior manager at Bizlaw Inc. ,instructs Kim,a mid-level manager,to make false statements on the performance evaluation of Gloria,one of Kim's employees,who recently filed a discrimination claim against Bill.Bill tells Kim,"Look around you.Every manager makes up stories about employees Bizlaw wants to get rid of." Bill's argument illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  bandwagon fallacy.
B)  argumentum ad baculum.
C)  argumentum ad hominem.
D)  circular reasoning.

Question 19

Trisha has been given the responsibility of making an important decision for her firm.Which of the following actions strengthens the argument that Trisha is a justice theorist?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trisha chooses the alternative that promises the highest net welfare to society as a whole.
B)  Trisha chooses the alternative that respects the most important human right.
C)  Trisha considers whether everyone is getting what they deserve.
D)  Trisha determines whether anyone's rights are negatively affected by an alternative.

Question 20

Debra asks Alex,her stock broker,if she can trust his advice to purchase the stocks for Acme Co.Alex replies,"Of course you can." Debra asks,"Why should I trust you?" Alex says,with a smile,"Because I am a trustworthy person." Alex is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A)  circular reasoning.
B)  bandwagon fallacy.
C)  argumentum ad baculum.
D)  false analogy.

Exam 4: Business Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Governance, and Critical Thinking

Knowing ________ will help a decision maker find the facts he needs.

Which of the following is a characteristic of profit maximization?

Because some employees will view whistleblowing as an act of disloyalty,management should recharacterize whistleblowing as necessary to the protection of the firm's:

Which of the following fallacies results from the mistaken belief that independent prior outcomes affect future outcomes?

"The ends justify the means." This statement reflects the utilitarian ethical theory.

"What would happen if everyone acted in this way?" is a question that Kant would ask.

"Begging the question" is also known as the slippery slope fallacy.

Which of the following ethical theories judges our actions as good or bad depending on their consequences and is expressed as "the ends justify the means"?

Profit maximization results in ethical conduct because:

A ________ is when a person compares two situations that are not sufficiently similar to be a valid comparison.

________ theory emphasizes that one should use the categorical imperative and judge an action by applying it universally.

The reduced sales of Martha Stewart branded goods at K-Mart after she was accused of insider trading is an example of the strength of the profit maximization theory.

________ infer(s) that because something has been done a certain way in the past,it should be done the same way in the future.

Guilt by association is a form of:

What is confirmation bias and how can it be detrimental? How can it be avoided?

Trisha has been given the responsibility of making an important decision for her firm.Which of the following actions strengthens the argument that Trisha is a justice theorist?

Debra asks Alex,her stock broker,if she can trust his advice to purchase the stocks for Acme Co.Alex replies,"Of course you can." Debra asks,"Why should I trust you?" Alex says,with a smile,"Because I am a trustworthy person." Alex is engaging in: