Question 1

Ryan,who takes out his work-related frustration on his child instead of his boss,is demonstrating the defense mechanism of sublimation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The _____ is an example of a projective test.

Accepted Answer

A) Neuroticism Extraversion Openness Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R) 
B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 
C) Rorschach inkblot test 
D) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Question 3

Discuss Carl Rogers's approach toward promoting optimal functioning in an individual.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss Carl Rogers's approach toward promoting optimal...

Question 4

According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,the _____ evaluates the morality of an individual's behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) id 
B) superego 
C) persona 
D) ego

Question 5

Which of the following is true about the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)?

Accepted Answer

A) It can be used to study people's unconscious defense mechanisms. 
B) It has been criticized for having no reliability or validity. 
C) It is an example of a self-report personality assessment. 
D) It consists of a series of 10 cards,all in black-and-white.

Question 6

Identify a core principle of the psychodynamic perspectives.

Accepted Answer

A) Personality is solely determined by current experiences. 
B) One mentally transforms one's experiences,giving them meaning that shapes one's personality. 
C) Personality is solely determined by early experiences. 
D) The capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities are the two factors that shape one's personality.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of Murray's personological approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Murray proposed that to achieve optimal functioning an individual must experience unconditional positive regard. 
B) Murray focused on the enduring dispositions that tend to lead to characteristic responses. 
C) Murray focused solely on conscious experiences and traits. 
D) Murray embraced the psychodynamic notion of unconscious motivation.

Question 8

Melvin is an ambitious employee who is striving hard to become a manager.He takes initiative,takes on more work than he can handle,and works longer hours than anyone else in his office.According to Murray's personological approach,Melvin's ambition is most reflective of the need for

Accepted Answer

A) affiliation. 
B) achievement. 
C) displacement. 
D) openness.

Question 9

Neal,a psychologist who follows the humanistic approach to personality,intends to examine the levels of achievement motivation among neurosurgeons in a hospital.Which of the following personality assessment techniques will be best suited to Neal's examination?

Accepted Answer

A) projective tests 
B) psychobiography 
C) interviews 
D) brain imaging

Question 10

Walter Mischel's view regarding situationism is based on the idea that personality and behavior often vary considerably from one context to another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Projective tests are based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A) individuals are not concerned about the social desirability of their responses. 
B) tests that measure unconscious motives are the most reliable and valid. 
C) the unconscious does not provide useful keys to an individual's personality. 
D) the ambiguity of the stimulus allows individuals to interpret it based on their feelings and desires.

Question 12

When 40-year-old Desmond survived a heart attack,he began to take the necessary steps to ensure his optimal health.In the context of the personality characteristics that are linked to health and illness,Desmond is most likely to rate high on

Accepted Answer

A) Type D behavior patterns. 
B) neuroticism. 
C) Type A behavior patterns. 
D) personal control.

Question 13

Patrick has been confused about his sexual orientation for a few years.Even though he has had many girlfriends,he often feels attracted to men.However,in college,he strongly opposes the idea of same-sex relationships among his friends.According to Freud's psychoanalytic theory,Patrick's supposed homophobia best illustrates the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A) reaction formation. 
B) denial. 
C) sublimation. 
D) regression.

Question 14

In the context of structures of personality described by Freud,who among the following is most likely acting according to the demands of the id?

Accepted Answer

A) Santiago,a 20-year-old,who refrains from smoking and drinking 
B) Kate,a teenager,who always practices safe sex 
C) John,a two-year-old,who snatches a toy from another child 
D) Lisa,a 35-year-old,who yells at her children every time she fights with her husband

Question 15

According to Freud's psychosexual stages of development,the latency period occurs

Accepted Answer

A) during infancy. 
B) during an age when most children go through toilet training. 
C) immediately after the phallic stage. 
D) in adolescence and adulthooD.

Question 16

Keith,a 12-year-old,listens to his mother curse every time she is frustrated.Keith starts using the same curse words in school.Which of the following aspects of Bandura's social cognitive theory is best exemplified in this scenario?

Accepted Answer

A) observational learning 
B) need for affiliation 
C) need for power 
D) personal control

Question 17

Hilda's colleagues find it difficult to work with her on projects as she is uncooperative.They describe Hilda's personality as merciless and untrustworthy According to the five-factor model of personality,Hilda is most likely to be rated

Accepted Answer

A) high on conscientiousness. 
B) high on neuroticism. 
C) low on openness to experience. 
D) low on agreeableness.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the Rorschach inkblot test?

Accepted Answer

A) It does not provide any information about the unconscious. 
B) It is one of the most objective tests used in clinical research. 
C) It encourages individuals to provide socially desirable responses. 
D) It does not meet the criteria of reliability and validity.

Question 19

Holly is independent,imaginative,and interested in trying all kinds of new activities and routines.According to the five-factor model of personality,Holly is most likely to rate high on

Accepted Answer

A) neuroticism 
B) conformity 
C) conscientiousness 
D) openness to experience

Question 20

Which of the following is a typical personality assessment method used by a social cognitive psychologist?

Accepted Answer

A) video-recorded behaviors rated by coders 
B) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)stories 
C) projective techniques decoded using content analysis 
D) molecular genetic studies

Exam 12: Personality