Question 1

_____ characteristics are any aspects of an experimental research study that communicate to participants how the experimenter wants them to behave.

Accepted Answer

A) Confound 
B) Meta-analytic 
C) Demand 
D) Placebo

Question 2

In terms of statistical significance,what is considered to be the minimum level of probability that scientists will accept for concluding that observed differences are real and not due to chance?

Accepted Answer

A) .001 
B) .05 
C) .95 
D) .99

Question 3

Explain the concepts of experimental groups and control groups with examples.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the concepts of experimental groups and...

Question 4

List four drawbacks of doing research in a laboratory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List four drawbacks of doing research in...

Question 5

A(n)_____ allows researchers to distinguish the specific effects of the independent variable from the possible effects of the experimenter's and participants' expectations about it.

Accepted Answer

A) double-blind experiment 
B) measure of central tendency 
C) meta-analytical study 
D) interview

Question 6

Bradley conducts research to validate his hypothesis that increased job satisfaction leads to greater organizational commitment among employees.He collates the existing data from all of the studies that he can locate on the topic.By looking at the data,he establishes that his hypothesis has been consistently proven correct across the studies.In this scenario,the method of study used by Bradley is

Accepted Answer

A) direct replication. 
B) correlational research. 
C) meta-analysis. 
D) experimental design.

Question 7

Double-blind experiments are conducted in an effort to rule out experimenter bias as well as research participant bias.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Dr.Kate proposes that students find it difficult to return to their academic schedules after spring break.Specifically,she predicts that every year there will be more student absences on the Monday following spring break than on the Friday before spring break.The first statement describes the _____,while the second is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A) design of the study;research method 
B) theory;hypothesis 
C) hypothesis;operational definition 
D) prediction;procedure

Question 9

Leslie hypothesizes that teenagers who read magazines develop low self-esteem because of the unrealistic expectations set by the actors and models in the magazines.To study this,she designs a questionnaire to assess confidence levels.Two groups take this questionnaire-one that reads a magazine before taking the questionnaire and one that does not.The group that reads the magazine is the

Accepted Answer

A) confederate group. 
B) control group. 
C) experimental group. 
D) confound group.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of statistical significance?

Accepted Answer

A) Measure of confederate value is determined by the difference between range and mode. 
B) The higher the number of cases,the easier it is to get statistical significance. 
C) With a very large sample,small differences in data are insignificant. 
D) Real-world significance is the same as statistical significance.

Question 11

Haley reads in a magazine that people who drink five cups of coffee a day are smarter and more productive than people who do not drink coffee.She does not drink coffee but is now considering drinking coffee every day.Which of the following information does she need to consider before making this decision?

Accepted Answer

A) Quality of research and findings is uniform among all psychology journals. 
B) Media tends to avoid drawing causal conclusions from correlational studies. 
C) Media reports of information often leave out details about the nature of the sample used in a given study. 
D) Just as we can generalize from a small group to all people,we also can apply conclusions from a group to an individual.

Question 12

In an experimental study,a(n)_____ is a manipulated experimental factor that the experimenter changes to see what its effects are.

Accepted Answer

A) third variable 
B) correlation coefficient 
C) dependent variable 
D) independent variable

Question 13

In a psychological experiment,the experimental group is exposed to the change that the independent variable represents.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Noelle,a psychologist,conducts a study to establish whether caffeine increases the ability to run.She has two groups of participants run on a treadmill for 15 minutes.One group drinks regular coffee before running,while the other group drinks decaffeinated coffee before running.The group that drinks decaffeinated coffee is the

Accepted Answer

A) confederate group. 
B) control group. 
C) experimental group. 
D) confound group.

Question 15

When using inferential statistics in psychological research studies,the researcher learns

Accepted Answer

A) how to conduct a correlational study. 
B) how to test predictions about a sample. 
C) the degree of bias in the data. 
D) only the significant outcomes.

Question 16

Mila,a school principal,wants to know her students' opinions about the food served in the school's cafeteria.To obtain her students' opinions,she devises a set of questions that she asks all her students to answer.In this case,Mila is using a _____ to obtain the opinions of her students.

Accepted Answer

A) longitudinal experiment 
B) double-blind experiment 
C) survey 
D) case study

Question 17

_____ is a type of psychological research that uses surveys,case studies,and interviews to find out the basic dimensions of some variable.

Accepted Answer

A) Experimental research 
B) Descriptive research 
C) Correlational research 
D) Developmental research

Question 18

Aaron wants to study people's reaction to violent images.He lets all the participants of his experiment know that they will be subjected to violent images and asks if they are willing to participate.In this scenario,Aaron is

Accepted Answer

A) ensuring that the study data will remain confidential. 
B) letting his participants know that they will be experiencing the placebo effect. 
C) obtaining informed consent from the participants. 
D) employing confederates to reduce experimenter bias.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of quasi-experimental designs?

Accepted Answer

A) They are primarily used in correlational research. 
B) They allow for strong causal conclusions. 
C) They do not randomly assign participants to conditions. 
D) They are either impossible to conduct or unethical.

Question 20

In the context of experimental research,internal validity refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) extent to which the experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores. 
B) extent to which changes in the dependent variable are genuinely due to the manipulation of the independent variable. 
C) degree to which the results of the experiment are generalizable to the larger population. 
D) methodology used to carry out the random assignment of samples.

Exam 2: Psychologys Scientific Method