Question 1

Attributions are

Accepted Answer

A)  explanations that account for one's own behaviors and/or the behaviors of others. 
B)  innate personality traits. 
C)  genetic predispositions to behave a certain way. 
D)  physical qualities people have such as attractiveness. 
E)  cognitive generalizations about specific groups of people.

Question 2

Psychiatrists predicted that only fewer than _____ of the participants would go all the way to 450 volts in the Milgram experiments.

Accepted Answer

A)  1% 
B)  2% 
C)  3% 
D)  8% 
E)  12%

Question 3

Imagine 100 individuals are asked to take part in a replication of Milgram's famous study on obedience. How are these 100 people likely to respond?

Accepted Answer

A)  The majority would administer 450 volts as instructed. 
B)  The majority would immediately realize the use of deception and leave. 
C)  Most of the women would refuse to obey, whereas almost all of the men would obey. 
D)  Most of the participants would work together to force the experimenter to end the experiment. 
E)  The men would give strong voltage shocks, but only to female "learners."

Question 4

Ralph, a White student who grew up in Maine, is about to enter the University of Southern California on an athletic scholarship. He is aware that many of his teammates will be Black and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. Ralph's attitude is BEST described as an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  prejudice. 
B)  ambiguity. 
C)  nonconformity. 
D)  discrimination. 
E)  proximity.

Question 5

Couples that have been in lasting relationships tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  have few if any negative interactions. 
B)  jointly determine the social roles of the "giver" and the "receiver." 
C)  have intimacy, but little passion. 
D)  have five times more positive interactions than negative ones. 
E)  expect their partner to give more than they take.

Question 6

Solomon Asch is best known for his studies involving

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity. 
B)  prisoners. 
C)  teen-age camping groups. 
D)  administering shocks to an elderly man. 
E)  liberal and conservative attitudes.

Question 7

Moriarity's research involved

Accepted Answer

A)  conformity. 
B)  obedience. 
C)  attraction. 
D)  attributions. 
E)  situational power.

Question 8

"Birds of a feather flock together" is a phrase that refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  similarity. 
B)  reinforcement. 
C)  self-disclosure. 
D)  emotional expression. 
E)  proximity.

Question 9

What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?

Accepted Answer

A)  bystander intervention problem 
B)  sole-witness effect 
C)  subtle aggressive effect 
D)  antisocial behavior effect 
E)  the chameleon effect

Question 10

The importance of proximity is illustrated by the folk saying

Accepted Answer

A)  absence makes the heart grow fonder. 
B)  out of sight, out of mind. 
C)  birds of a feather flock together. 
D)  there's no place like home. 
E)  see no evil, hear no evil.

Question 11

What do social psychologists call the tendency to rely on internal characteristics for explanations of the behavior of others and to ignore the influence of the situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  availability heuristic 
B)  augmenting principle 
C)  self-fulfilling prophecy 
D)  fundamental attribution error 
E)  self-serving bias

Question 12

Prejudice is a(n) _________, whereas discrimination is a(n) ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dislike; hatred 
B)  hatred; dislike 
C)  behavior; attitude 
D)  attitude; behavior 
E)  attribution; attitude

Question 13

How are proximity to others and attraction correlated?

Accepted Answer

A)  not correlated 
B)  positively correlated 
C)  negatively correlated 
D)  inversely correlated 
E)  they are correlated, but only in a canonical fashion.

Question 14

The obedience effect is much stronger when

Accepted Answer

A)  the relative status of the authority figure to the subject is low. 
B)  there is no direct surveillance of the subject by the authority figure. 
C)  there is little remoteness of victim from subject. 
D)  a peer first models obedience to the authority figure. 
E)  two authority figures give conflicting commands.

Question 15

What was the rationale for Stanley Milgram's study of obedience?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the rationale for Stanley Milgram's...

Question 16

People are least likely to conform when

Accepted Answer

A)  a judgment task is unambiguous. 
B)  the group has cohesive opinion. 
C)  group members are competent. 
D)  voting is public. 
E)  the group size three or more.

Question 17

A smoker illustrates the process of ________ when he claims that the evidence that smoking causes lung cancer is not very convincing.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive dissonance 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  disbelief 
D)  normative influence 
E)  cohesiveness

Question 18

Which statement is the best explanation of the fundamental attribution error?

Accepted Answer

A)  We attribute most of what people do to the influence of situations. 
B)  We rely on the first information we receive to make internal attributions. 
C)  We are more likely to attribute another's behavior to internal rather than to situational causes. 
D)  We tend to attribute our successes to our own efforts and failures to the shortcomings of others. 
E)  We assume that others are generally guided by external loci of control, while we assume that we're guided by internal loci of control.

Question 19

If Tess has lost her contact lens, she is most likely to get help from others if she

Accepted Answer

A)  says aloud, "Will someone please help me?" 
B)  specifically asks one person for help. 
C)  stays quiet and starts searching. 
D)  begins crying loudly. 
E)  is obviously in a hurry.

Question 20

___________ theory accounts for the self-justification that people engage in when they behave in ways that are not consistent with their internal state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ___________ theory accounts for the self-justification that...

Exam 11: Social Psychology