Question 1

Discuss chronic pain. What factors, including psychological, are thought to maintain chronic pain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss chronic pain. What factors, including psychological,...

Question 2

Which of the following statements accurately describes a process in the activation of the HPA axis?

Accepted Answer

A) The hippocampus secretes corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF). 
B) CRF stimulates the thyroid gland. 
C) The pituitary gland (via the parasympathetic nervous system) activates the adrenal glands. 
D) The adrenal glands secrete the stress hormone cortisol.

Question 3

Various psychological factors have been used to explain individual variations in blood pressure, including all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) coping style. 
B) personality. 
C) level of stress. 
D) level of intelligence.

Question 4

Regarding the age ranges for the risk of HIV/AIDS, which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A) For women, the highest risk is between the ages of 15 and 25. 
B) For women, the highest risk is during their late 20s and early 30s. 
C) The age range for risk is lower for men than for women. 
D) The age ranges for risk are the same for both males and females.

Question 5

A sense of control and confidence that we can cope with stress or challenges is called

Accepted Answer

A) dissociation. 
B) situation dominance. 
C) self-efficacy. 
D) applied anger management.

Question 6

Kara and Karl have recently learned that they are HIV positive. According to research studies involving people who are HIV positive, what is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A) Kara will now have sex only if her partner uses a condom. 
B) Karl will abstain from sex completely. 
C) Both Kara and Karl will stop sharing needles with other drug users. 
D) Neither Karl nor Kara is likely to change any of their previous behaviors.

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT describe an effective psychosocial intervention that has been reported in oncology research studies?

Accepted Answer

A) Use of psychological treatments that reduced pain and depression and enhanced feelings of well-being 
B) Use of films and dolls that reduced children's stress and anxiety during medical procedures 
C) Use of psychotherapy that temporarily prolonged life for breast cancer patients both during and after the intervention 
D) Use of psychoanalytic techniques that reduced the growth rate of tumors

Question 8

The final process in the activation of the HPA axis is

Accepted Answer

A) secretion of CRF by the hypothalamus. 
B) stimulation of the pituitary gland by CRF. 
C) activation of the adrenal gland by the pituitary gland. 
D) secretion of cortisol by the adrenal gland.

Question 9

In 1989, health professionals in China began a massive antismoking effort in several cities that involved children whose fathers smoked. As part of this effort, all of the following are accurate statements EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) schoolchildren were given antismoking literature and questionnaires to take home to their fathers. 
B) children wrote letters to their fathers asking them to quit smoking. 
C) children submitted monthly reports on their fathers' smoking habits to their schools. 
D) photos of the fathers who continued smoking were published in the school newspapers.

Question 10

A new medical specialty called psychoneuroimmunology reflects the relationship among

Accepted Answer

A) psychological factors including stress. 
B) the immune system. 
C) the nervous system. 
D) all of these are correct

Question 11

Researchers who study the clinical experience of pain have determined that pain is

Accepted Answer

A) entirely due to physical causes. 
B) entirely due to psychological causes. 
C) neither entirely physical nor entirely psychological. 
D) always due to unknown and unpredictable factors.

Question 12

Research findings have suggested that it might not be the stressful event itself that affects immune system functioning but rather the accompanying

Accepted Answer

A) dissociation. 
B) isolation. 
C) depression. 
D) anger.

Question 13

Which of the following people would be LEAST at risk for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A) Maya, who has a very type A and controlling personality 
B) Dough, who tends to be melancholic and keeps to himself 
C) Abhi, who has a warm and stable relationship with an extensive family and a network of friends 
D) Mimi, who was recently promoted to a prestigious but highly competitive management position

Question 14

Since heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States, it is very important, in terms of prevention, to determine if

Accepted Answer

A) better medications can be found to treat heart disease. 
B) changes in behavior, lifestyle, and attitude can prevent heart attacks. 
C) psychotherapy can help people adjust to having an artificial heart. 
D) heart transplants can be made available to more patients.

Question 15

Discuss how psychological factors including negative cognitions affect immune system functioning. Give examples of physical conditions that are considered stress-related.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how psychological factors including negative cognitions...

Question 16

At various times, the symptoms of the disorder known as chronic fatigue syndrome were attributed to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) viral infection. 
B) intense exercise. 
C) stress. 
D) brain atrophy.

Question 17

The only effective prevention strategy currently available for reducing the spread of AIDS appears to be

Accepted Answer

A) a vaccine. 
B) medications. 
C) changing high-risk behavior. 
D) educating people about the disease.

Question 18

________ is an incapacitating exhaustion following only minimal exertion, accompanied by fever, headaches, muscle and joint pain, depression, and anxiety.

Accepted Answer

A) Somatization disorder 
B) Chronic fatigue syndrome 
C) Wasting disease 
D) Psychogenic pain disorder

Question 19

When high-risk individuals are given educational and informational pamphlets about ways to reduce their chances of becoming HIV positive, they typically

Accepted Answer

A) change their high-risk behaviors. 
B) do not change their high-risk behaviors. 
C) abstain from unprotected sex. 
D) notify previous sex partners of their HIV condition.

Question 20

According to the principles of health psychology, which of the following is the best protection against acquiring AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A) Getting an injection of the AIDS vaccine 
B) Being treated for HIV before it develops into AIDS 
C) Changing risky behaviors that can lead to disease acquisition 
D) Deciding to be sexually abstinent after years of being sexually active

Exam 7: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology